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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 15:12:23 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:17 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002972
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0062451
  • HMDB02972
  • HMDB62451
Metabolite Identification
Common NameVitamin K1 2,3-epoxide
DescriptionVitamin K1 2,3-epoxide (CAS: 25486-55-9) is a vitamin K derivative. Vitamin K is needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins, mostly required for blood coagulation. Within the cell, vitamin K undergoes electron reduction to a reduced form of vitamin K (called vitamin K hydroquinone) by the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (or VKOR). Another enzyme then oxidizes vitamin K hydroquinone to allow carboxylation of glutamate into gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla). This enzyme is called the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase or the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The carboxylation reaction will only proceed if the carboxylase enzyme is able to oxidize vitamin K hydroquinone into vitamin K epoxide at the same time; the carboxylation and epoxidation reactions are said to be coupled reactions. Vitamin K epoxide is then re-converted into vitamin K by the vitamin K epoxide reductase. These two enzymes comprise the so-called vitamin K cycle. One of the reasons why vitamin K is rarely deficient in a human diet is because vitamin K is continually recycled in our cells. Vitamin K 2,3-epoxide is the substrate for vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex. Significantly increased level of serum vitamin K epoxide has been found in patients with familial multiple coagulation factor deficiency (PMID: 12384421 ). Accumulation of vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide in plasma is also a sensitive marker of the coumarin-like activity of drugs (PMID: 2401753 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC31H46O3
Average Molecular Weight466.706
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight466.344695341
IUPAC Name(1aS,7aR)-1a-methyl-7a-[(2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl]-1aH,2H,7H,7aH-naphtho[2,3-b]oxirene-2,7-dione
Traditional Name(1aS,7aR)-1a-methyl-7a-[(2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl]naphtho[2,3-b]oxirene-2,7-dione
CAS Registry Number85955-78-8
SMILES
CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC\C(C)=C\C[C@@]12O[C@]1(C)C(=O)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C2=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C31H46O3/c1-22(2)12-9-13-23(3)14-10-15-24(4)16-11-17-25(5)20-21-31-29(33)27-19-8-7-18-26(27)28(32)30(31,6)34-31/h7-8,18-20,22-24H,9-17,21H2,1-6H3/b25-20+/t23-,24-,30-,31+/m1/s1
InChI KeyKUTXFBIHPWIDJQ-BTPXSFBUSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as vitamin k compounds. These are quinone lipids containing a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure, and vary in the aliphatic side chain attached at the 3-position.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassQuinone and hydroquinone lipids
Direct ParentVitamin K compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Diterpenoid
  • Naphthoquinone
  • Naphthalene
  • Tetralin
  • Quinone
  • Aryl ketone
  • Aryl alkyl ketone
  • Benzenoid
  • Ketone
  • Oxacycle
  • Ether
  • Oxirane
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0000021 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023087
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID34993195
KEGG Compound IDC05849
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID3030
PubChem Compound90479364
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Komatsu K, Kayashima N, Ariyoshi N, Shirahata A: [Vitamin K]. Nihon Rinsho. 1993 Apr;51(4):943-51. [PubMed:8483276 ]
  2. Hirauchi K, Sakano T, Nagaoka T, Morimoto A: Simultaneous determination of vitamin K1, vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide and menaquinone-4 in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr. 1988 Aug 19;430(1):21-9. [PubMed:2851012 ]
  3. McBurney A, Shearer MJ, Barkhan P: Changes in the urinary metabolites of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in man following therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1978 Feb 1;27(3):273-8. [PubMed:619911 ]
  4. Fregin A, Rost S, Wolz W, Krebsova A, Muller CR, Oldenburg J: Homozygosity mapping of a second gene locus for hereditary combined deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors to the centromeric region of chromosome 16. Blood. 2002 Nov 1;100(9):3229-32. [PubMed:12384421 ]
  5. Trenk D, Wagner F, Bechtold H, Nies B, Jahnchen E: Lack of effect of cefixime on the metabolism of vitamin K1. J Clin Pharmacol. 1990 Aug;30(8):737-42. [PubMed:2401753 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity
Specific function:
Mediates the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamate residues to calcium-binding gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues with the concomitant conversion of the reduced hydroquinone form of vitamin K to vitamin K epoxide.
Gene Name:
GGCX
Uniprot ID:
P38435
Molecular weight:
87560.065
Reactions
[Peptidyl]-4-carboxyglutamate + Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide + Water → [peptidyl]-glutamate + CO(2) + Oxygen + Phylloquinoldetails
Gla protein + Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide + Water → Gla protein precursor + Phylloquinol + Carbon dioxide + Oxygendetails
General function:
Involved in vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensi
Specific function:
Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K.
Gene Name:
VKORC1
Uniprot ID:
Q9BQB6
Molecular weight:
18234.3
Reactions
Phylloquinol + Oxidized dithiothreitol → Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide + 1,4-Dithiothreitoldetails
Vitamin K1 + Oxidized dithiothreitol + Water → Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide + 1,4-Dithiothreitoldetails