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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:56 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015322
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15322
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDexfenfluramine
DescriptionDexfenfluramine, also known as redux, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. Dexfenfluramine is a drug which is used for the management of obesity including weight loss and maintenance of weight loss in patients on a reduced calorie diet. Dexfenfluramine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Dexfenfluramine is a potentially toxic compound. The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.
Structure
Data?1582753283
Synonyms
ValueSource
(+)-FenfluramineChEBI
(S)-N-Ethyl-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-2-amineChEBI
D-N-Ethyl-alpha-methyl-m-trifluoromethylphenethylamineChEBI
DexfenfluraminaChEBI
DexfenfluraminumChEBI
DextrofenfluramineChEBI
D-N-Ethyl-a-methyl-m-trifluoromethylphenethylamineGenerator
D-N-Ethyl-α-methyl-m-trifluoromethylphenethylamineGenerator
(S)-FenfluramineHMDB
Dexfenfluramine hydrochlorideHMDB
ReduxHMDB
Wyeth brand OF dexfenfluramine hydrochlorideHMDB
Hydrochloride, dexfenfluramineHMDB
DexfenfluramineChEBI
Chemical FormulaC12H16F3N
Average Molecular Weight231.2573
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight231.123484132
IUPAC Nameethyl[(2S)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-2-yl]amine
Traditional Namedexfenfluramine
CAS Registry Number3239-44-9
SMILES
CCN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H16F3N/c1-3-16-9(2)7-10-5-4-6-11(8-10)12(13,14)15/h4-6,8-9,16H,3,7H2,1-2H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChI KeyDBGIVFWFUFKIQN-VIFPVBQESA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassPhenethylamines
Direct ParentAmphetamines and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • Trifluoromethylbenzene
  • Phenylpropane
  • Aralkylamine
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Secondary amine
  • Alkyl fluoride
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Alkyl halide
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.022 g/LNot Available
LogP3.5Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.022 g/LALOGPS
logP3.3ALOGPS
logP3.47ChemAxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.22ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area12.03 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity59.2 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability22.69 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+156.90930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-154.55130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-188.00230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+163.00530932474
AllCCS[M+H]+152.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+148.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+155.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+156.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-152.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-152.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-153.532859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
DexfenfluramineCCN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F1712.5Standard polar33892256
DexfenfluramineCCN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F1276.3Standard non polar33892256
DexfenfluramineCCN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F1248.1Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Dexfenfluramine,1TMS,isomer #1CCN([C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)[Si](C)(C)C1472.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Dexfenfluramine,1TMS,isomer #1CCN([C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)[Si](C)(C)C1532.8Standard non polar33892256
Dexfenfluramine,1TMS,isomer #1CCN([C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)[Si](C)(C)C1476.0Standard polar33892256
Dexfenfluramine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCN([C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1698.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Dexfenfluramine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCN([C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1731.4Standard non polar33892256
Dexfenfluramine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCN([C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1618.0Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-9110000000-1bb444f1022b28d94dc02017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-1190000000-7fbe4443e51aea6826c32016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001r-8890000000-5cd73b17e1103d99e7fb2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00ov-9610000000-58d820854fe8992bc6a32016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-96055c6c721aecfc76f82016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-2190000000-2f8c88fb4bc53943412f2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9410000000-a342d0ae14c5230c00a42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0290000000-ac3db862ce9c06ed67f52021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0910000000-6cb4ba049f7be32b0f1c2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1900000000-43131e1ffc852067efa92021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-8ae4a9b01f14913328e82021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a5i-0930000000-c301feb5a0d5278285b22021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dexfenfluramine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-30767724225603e597e12021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01191 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01191 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01191
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID59646
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDexfenfluramine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound66265
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID439329
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Kalia M: Reversible, short-lasting, and dose-dependent effect of (+)-fenfluramine on neocortical serotonergic axons. Brain Res. 1991 May 10;548(1-2):111-25. [PubMed:1868326 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms.
Gene Name:
CYP2E1
Uniprot ID:
P05181
Molecular weight:
56848.42
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Molecular weight:
58406.915
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.
Gene Name:
CYP2A6
Uniprot ID:
P11509
Molecular weight:
56517.005
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system
Gene Name:
HTR2C
Uniprot ID:
P28335
Molecular weight:
51820.7
References
  1. Vickers SP, Clifton PG, Dourish CT, Tecott LH: Reduced satiating effect of d-fenfluramine in serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor mutant mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Apr;143(3):309-14. [PubMed:10353435 ]
  2. Wilson AW, Costall B, Neill JC: Manipulation of operant responding for an ethanol-paired conditioned stimulus in the rat by pharmacological alteration of the serotonergic system. J Psychopharmacol. 2000;14(4):340-6. [PubMed:11198050 ]
  3. Vickers SP, Dourish CT, Kennett GA: Evidence that hypophagia induced by d-fenfluramine and d-norfenfluramine in the rat is mediated by 5-HT2C receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2001 Aug;41(2):200-9. [PubMed:11489456 ]
  4. Tomkins DM, Joharchi N, Tampakeras M, Martin JR, Wichmann J, Higgins GA: An investigation of the role of 5-HT(2C) receptors in modifying ethanol self-administration behaviour. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002 Apr;71(4):735-44. [PubMed:11888565 ]
  5. Bickerdike MJ: 5-HT2C receptor agonists as potential drugs for the treatment of obesity. Curr Top Med Chem. 2003;3(8):885-97. [PubMed:12678838 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner.
Gene Name:
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID:
P31645
Molecular weight:
70324.165
References
  1. Eddahibi S, Adnot S, Frisdal E, Levame M, Hamon M, Raffestin B: Dexfenfluramine-associated changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter expression and development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Apr;297(1):148-54. [PubMed:11259539 ]
  2. Russell BR, Laverty R: The effect of (R)-HA966 or ACEA 1021 on dexfenfluramine or (S)-MDMA-induced changes in temperature, activity, and neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001 Mar;68(3):565-74. [PubMed:11325413 ]
  3. Rothman RB, Jayanthi S, Wang X, Dersch CM, Cadet JL, Prisinzano T, Rice KC, Baumann MH: High-dose fenfluramine administration decreases serotonin transporter binding, but not serotonin transporter protein levels, in rat forebrain. Synapse. 2003 Dec 1;50(3):233-9. [PubMed:14515341 ]
  4. Johnson GJ, Leis LA, Dunlop PC, Weir EK: The effect of the anorectic agent, d-fenfluramine, and its primary metabolite, d-norfenfluramine, on intact human platelet serotonin uptake and efflux. J Thromb Haemost. 2003 Dec;1(12):2663-8. [PubMed:14675103 ]
  5. Wang X, Baumann MH, Xu H, Rothman RB: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration to rats decreases brain tissue serotonin but not serotonin transporter protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Synapse. 2004 Sep 15;53(4):240-8. [PubMed:15266556 ]