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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:48:59 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000032
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00032
Metabolite Identification
Common Name7-Dehydrocholesterol
Description7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), also known as provitamin D3 or 5,7-cholestadien-3-b-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 7-dehydrocholesterol is also classified as a sterol. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is known as a zoosterol, meaning that it is a sterol isolated from animals (to distinguish those sterols isolated from plants which are called phytosterols). 7-DHC functions in the serum as a cholesterol precursor and is photochemically converted to vitamin D3 in the skin. Therefore 7-DHC functions as provitamin-D3. The presence of 7-DHC in human skin enables humans and other mammals to manufacture vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) from ultraviolet rays in the sun light, via an intermediate isomer pre-vitamin D3. 7-DHC absorbs UV light most effectively at wavelengths between 290 and 320 nm and, thus, the production of vitamin D3 will occur primarily at those wavelengths (PMID: 9625080 ). The two most important factors that govern the generation of pre-vitamin D3 are the quantity (intensity) and quality (appropriate wavelength) of the UVB irradiation reaching the 7-dehydrocholesterol deep in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum (PMID: 9625080 ). 7-DHC is also found in the milk of several mammalian species, including cows (PMID: 10999630 ; PMID: 225459 ). It was discovered by Nobel-laureate organic chemist Adolf Windaus. 7-DHC can be produced by animals and plants via different pathways (PMID: 23717318 ). It is not produced by fungi in significant amounts. 7-DHC is made by some algae and can also be produced by some bacteria.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC27H44O
Average Molecular Weight384.6377
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight384.33921603
IUPAC Name(1S,2R,5S,11R,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-7,9-dien-5-ol
Traditional Name(1S,2R,5S,11R,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-7,9-dien-5-ol
CAS Registry Number434-16-2
SMILES
[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])C3=CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C27H44O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h9-10,18-19,21,23-25,28H,6-8,11-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1
InChI KeyUCTLRSWJYQTBFZ-DDPQNLDTSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassCholestane steroids
Direct ParentCholesterols and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Cholesterol
  • Cholesterol-skeleton
  • 3-hydroxy-delta-5-steroid
  • 3-hydroxy-delta-7-steroid
  • 3-beta-hydroxysteroid
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta-5-steroid
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Delta-7-steroid
  • Delta-5-steroid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point150.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Liver
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.65 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified5.0 +/- 2.2 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0 - 0.02 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.029 (0.0068-0.051) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.21 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleLathosterolosis details
BloodDetected and Quantified369.0 (46.0 - 1220.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothSmith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.3 +/- 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6) uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothSmith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Lathosterolosis
  1. Ho AC, Fung CW, Siu TS, Ma OC, Lam CW, Tam S, Wong VC: Lathosterolosis: a disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis resembling smith-lemli-opitz syndrome. JIMD Rep. 2014;12:129-34. doi: 10.1007/8904_2013_255. Epub 2013 Oct 20. [PubMed:24142275 ]
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
  1. van Rooij A, Nijenhuis AA, Wijburg FA, Schutgens RB: Highly increased CSF concentrations of cholesterol precursors in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Aug;20(4):578-80. [PubMed:9266395 ]
  2. Johnson DW, ten Brink HJ, Jakobs C: A rapid screening procedure for cholesterol and dehydrocholesterol by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res. 2001 Oct;42(10):1699-705. [PubMed:11590227 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB021882
KNApSAcK IDC00023747
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC01164
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Link7-Dehydrocholesterol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound439423
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17759
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH ID7DHCHSTEROL
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceWilliam G. Dauben, Jerome F. Eastham, and Robert A. Micheli A new method for the preparation of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1951), 73 4496.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
Specific function:
This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
Gene Name:
HMGCS2
Uniprot ID:
P54868
Molecular weight:
52481.065
References
  1. Honda M, Tint GS, Honda A, Nguyen LB, Chen TS, Shefer S: 7-Dehydrocholesterol down-regulates cholesterol biosynthesis in cultured Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome skin fibroblasts. J Lipid Res. 1998 Mar;39(3):647-57. [PubMed:9548596 ]
General function:
Involved in iron ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes a dehydrogenation to introduce C5-6 double bond into lathosterol.
Gene Name:
SC5DL
Uniprot ID:
O75845
Molecular weight:
35300.55
Reactions
Lathosterol + NAD(P)H + Oxygen → 7-Dehydrocholesterol + NAD(P)(+) + Waterdetails
Lathosterol + NADH + Hydrogen Ion + Oxygen → 7-Dehydrocholesterol + NAD + Waterdetails
Lathosterol + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion + Oxygen → 7-Dehydrocholesterol + NADP + Waterdetails
References
  1. Sugawara T, Fujimoto Y, Ishibashi T: Molecular cloning and structural analysis of human sterol C5 desaturase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Oct 31;1533(3):277-84. [PubMed:11731337 ]
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Mediates in vitro the transfer of all common phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides between membranes. May play a role in regulating steroidogenesis.
Gene Name:
SCP2
Uniprot ID:
P22307
Molecular weight:
34974.505
References
  1. Morin RJ, Brun MJ, Srikantaiah MV: Effect of age and cholestyramine feeding on rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase, sterol carrier protein 1 and sterol carrier protein 2 activities. Lipids. 1982 Jul;17(7):507-10. [PubMed:7121212 ]
General function:
Involved in 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase activity
Specific function:
Production of cholesterol by reduction of C7-C8 double bond of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC).
Gene Name:
DHCR7
Uniprot ID:
Q9UBM7
Molecular weight:
54488.98
Reactions
Cholesterol + NADP → 7-Dehydrocholesterol + NADPHdetails
Cholesterol + NAD → 7-Dehydrocholesterol + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Cholesterol + NADP → 7-Dehydrocholesterol + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
References
  1. Porter FD: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Eur J Hum Genet. 2008 May;16(5):535-41. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.10. Epub 2008 Feb 20. [PubMed:18285838 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the side-chain cleavage reaction of cholesterol to pregnenolone.
Gene Name:
CYP11A1
Uniprot ID:
P05108
Molecular weight:
60101.87
References
  1. Guryev O, Carvalho RA, Usanov S, Gilep A, Estabrook RW: A pathway for the metabolism of vitamin D3: unique hydroxylated metabolites formed during catalysis with cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):14754-9. Epub 2003 Dec 1. [PubMed:14657394 ]
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Catalyzes the reduction of the delta-24 double bond of sterol intermediates. Protects cells from oxidative stress by reducing caspase 3 activity during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Also protects against amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis.
Gene Name:
DHCR24
Uniprot ID:
Q15392
Molecular weight:
60100.805
Reactions
7-Dehydrodesmosterol + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → 7-Dehydrocholesterol + NADPdetails