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Showing metabocard for Dimethylglycine (HMDB0000092)

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enzymes (4) Show 4 proteins
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-05-30 20:55:56 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000092
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00092
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDimethylglycine
DescriptionDimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. The human body produces DMG when metabolizing choline into glycine. Dimethylglycine that is not metabolized in the liver is transported by the circulatory system to body tissue. Dimethylglycine was popular with Russian athletes and cosmonauts owing to its reputed ability to increase endurance and reduce fatigue. DMG is also a byproduct of homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine and betaine are converted to methionine and N,N-dimethylglycine by betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. DMG in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of legumes. It is also a microbial metabolite (PMID: 25901889 ).
Structure
Data?1676999670
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)


  Mrv1652306051920022D          

  7  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -1.6069   -1.1598    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8924   -0.7473    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1780   -1.1598    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8924    0.0776    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3214   -0.7473    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3214    0.0776    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0358   -1.1598    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  5  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)

HMDB0000092
     RDKit          3D
Dimethylglycine
 16 15  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.7842    0.6357   -0.2009 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6350    0.0011    0.4783 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7991   -1.4137    0.1222 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5245    0.5872   -0.1366 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8142    0.2420    0.5151 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9399   -0.5887    1.4294 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9400    0.9123    0.0530 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6848    0.0041   -0.1569 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4880    0.7445   -1.2570 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9388    1.6661    0.1870 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7054   -1.7686    0.6912 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0811   -2.0087    0.3459 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0968   -1.4503   -0.9398 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5575    0.2699   -1.2302 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4360    1.6896   -0.1581 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8389    0.4776   -0.1164 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  1  8  1  0
  1  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  3 11  1  0
  3 12  1  0
  3 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  4 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)


  Mrv1652306051920022D          

  7  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -1.6069   -1.1598    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8924   -0.7473    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1780   -1.1598    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8924    0.0776    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3214   -0.7473    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3214    0.0776    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0358   -1.1598    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  5  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000092

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CN(C)CC(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-5(2)3-4(6)7/h3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)

> <INCHI_KEY>
FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C4H9NO2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
103.1198

> <EXACT_MASS>
103.063328537

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
16

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
10.470047738620533

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.70

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-3.0607825071662678

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.96

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
1.8808127451470078

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
9.691600277978429

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
40.54

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
26.0727

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
9.39e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
dimethylglycine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)

HMDB0000092
     RDKit          3D
Dimethylglycine
 16 15  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.7842    0.6357   -0.2009 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6350    0.0011    0.4783 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7991   -1.4137    0.1222 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5245    0.5872   -0.1366 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8142    0.2420    0.5151 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9399   -0.5887    1.4294 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9400    0.9123    0.0530 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6848    0.0041   -0.1569 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4880    0.7445   -1.2570 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9388    1.6661    0.1870 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7054   -1.7686    0.6912 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0811   -2.0087    0.3459 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0968   -1.4503   -0.9398 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5575    0.2699   -1.2302 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4360    1.6896   -0.1581 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8389    0.4776   -0.1164 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  1  8  1  0
  1  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  3 11  1  0
  3 12  1  0
  3 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  4 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 05-JUN-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   05-JUN-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      -3.000  -2.165   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  N   UNK     0      -1.666  -1.395   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      -0.332  -2.165   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      -1.666   0.145   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      -4.333  -1.395   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      -4.333   0.145   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0      -5.667  -2.165   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    5                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3    4                                                  
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    2                                                            
CONECT    5    1    6    7                                                  
CONECT    6    5                                                            
CONECT    7    5                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    7    0   12    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)

COMPND    HMDB0000092
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -1.784   0.636  -0.201  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  N1  UNL     1      -0.635   0.001   0.478  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1      -0.799  -1.414   0.122  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1       0.524   0.587  -0.137  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1       1.814   0.242   0.515  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O1  UNL     1       1.940  -0.589   1.429  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  O2  UNL     1       2.940   0.912   0.053  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  H1  UNL     1      -2.685   0.004  -0.157  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H2  UNL     1      -1.488   0.745  -1.257  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H3  UNL     1      -1.939   1.666   0.187  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H4  UNL     1      -1.705  -1.769   0.691  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H5  UNL     1       0.081  -2.009   0.346  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H6  UNL     1      -1.097  -1.450  -0.940  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H7  UNL     1       0.558   0.270  -1.230  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H8  UNL     1       0.436   1.690  -0.158  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H9  UNL     1       3.839   0.478  -0.116  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    8    9   10
CONECT    2    3    4
CONECT    3   11   12   13
CONECT    4    5   14   15
CONECT    5    6    6    7
CONECT    7   16
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)

CN(C)CC(O)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0000092 (Dimethylglycine)

InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-5(2)3-4(6)7/h3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
(Dimethylamino)acetic acidChEBI
2-(Dimethylamino)acetic acidChEBI
N,N-Dimethylaminoacetic acidChEBI
N-MethylsarcosineChEBI
(Dimethylamino)acetateGenerator
2-(Dimethylamino)acetateGenerator
N,N-DimethylaminoacetateGenerator
N,N-DimethylglycineHMDB
N-Methylsarcosine N,N-dimethyl-glycineHMDB
Dimethylglycine, monopotassium saltHMDB
Dimethylglycine, sodium saltHMDB
Dimethylglycine, calcium saltHMDB
Dimethylglycine monohydrochlorideHMDB
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)acetic acidHMDB
DMGHMDB
DimethylglycineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC4H9NO2
Average Molecular Weight103.1198
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight103.063328537
IUPAC Name2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid
Traditional Namedimethylglycine
CAS Registry Number1118-68-9
SMILES
CN(C)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-5(2)3-4(6)7/h3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)
InChI KeyFFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Industrial applicationBiological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point185.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP-2.91TSAI,RS ET AL. (1991)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Astarita_neg126.030932474
[M+H]+Astarita_pos116.030932474
[M+H]+MetCCS_test_pos119.71830932474
[M+H]+Not Available119.615http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000506
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility939 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.7ALOGPS
logP-3.1ChemAxon
logS0.96ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.88ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.69ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area40.54 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity26.07 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability10.47 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+120.8331661259
DarkChem[M-H]-115.81231661259
AllCCS[M+H]+125.78232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.25732859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+129.29730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-126.53530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-162.84230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+137.69430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+125.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+121.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+129.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+130.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-129.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-133.832859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.1.01 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 20228.6533 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20226.89 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid344.9 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid448.8 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid323.5 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid56.2 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid206.9 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid57.9 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid267.5 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid237.9 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)847.3 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid551.7 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid40.3 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid640.6 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid209.9 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid238.5 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate690.2 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA444.3 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water290.3 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
DimethylglycineCN(C)CC(O)=O1539.9Standard polar33892256
DimethylglycineCN(C)CC(O)=O928.6Standard non polar33892256
DimethylglycineCN(C)CC(O)=O918.3Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Dimethylglycine,1TMS,isomer #1CN(C)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C987.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Dimethylglycine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CN(C)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1213.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified2.6 (1.8-3.7) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.9 (1.1-3.4) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified<3.700 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified1-5 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified4.90 +/- 1.23 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified15.04 (11.87-21.42) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • Analysis of 40 NI...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified3.4 (0.7-10.6) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified15-220 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.087 (0.058-0.26) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1-126 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (24-38years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified5.068 +/- 3.307 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified4.4 (1.6-10.4) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.2 (0.8-11.2) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified4.8 (3.6-6.2) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Kidney disease		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified5.4 (3.1-7.2) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Kidney disease		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified5.6 (4.8 - 10.1) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Kidney disease		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified221 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleDimethylglycinuria details
BloodDetected and Quantified5.6 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Uremia		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUnclassified IBD details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.09 +/- 8.203 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified441-457 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleDimethylglycinuria details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothBladder cancer details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Kidney disease
  1. McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
Uremia
  1. Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jorres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W: Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1934-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x. [PubMed:12675874 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762. [PubMed:27107423 ]
  2. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  1. Moolenaar SH, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UF, Corstiaensen JM, Heerschap A, de Jong JG, Binzak BA, Vockley J, Wevers RA: Defect in dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, a new inborn error of metabolism: NMR spectroscopy study. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):459-64. [PubMed:10102904 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB02083
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB021893
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID653
KEGG Compound IDC01026
BioCyc IDDIMETHYL-GLYCINE
BiGG ID36652
Wikipedia LinkDimethylglycine
METLIN ID277
PubChem Compound673
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17724
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDDMGLY
MarkerDB IDMDB00000048
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceLai, Mei-Chin; Wang, Chia-Chi; Chuang, Ming-Jen; Wu, Yen-Chi; Lee, Yu-Chien. Effects of substrate and potassium on the betaine-synthesizing enzyme glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase from a halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis. Res Microbiol. 2006 Dec;157(10):948-55. Epub 2006 Oct 26. Pubmed: 17098399
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Binzak BA, Vockley JG, Jenkins RB, Vockley J: Structure and analysis of the human dimethylglycine dehydrogenase gene. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 Mar;69(3):181-7. [PubMed:10767172 ]
  2. Binzak BA, Wevers RA, Moolenaar SH, Lee YM, Hwu WL, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UF, Hoard HM, Vockley JG, Vockley J: Cloning of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and a new human inborn error of metabolism, dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Apr;68(4):839-47. Epub 2001 Feb 28. [PubMed:11231903 ]
  3. Moolenaar SH, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UF, Corstiaensen JM, Heerschap A, de Jong JG, Binzak BA, Vockley J, Wevers RA: Defect in dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, a new inborn error of metabolism: NMR spectroscopy study. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):459-64. [PubMed:10102904 ]
  4. Laryea MD, Steinhagen F, Pawliczek S, Wendel U: Simple method for the routine determination of betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine in blood and urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1937-41. [PubMed:9732980 ]
  5. McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
  6. Look MP, Riezler R, Reichel C, Brensing KA, Rockstroh JK, Stabler SP, Spengler U, Berthold HK, Sauerbruch T: Is the increase in serum cystathionine levels in patients with liver cirrhosis a consequence of impaired homocysteine transsulfuration at the level of gamma-cystathionase? Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 Aug;35(8):866-72. [PubMed:10994627 ]
  7. Cicek G, Vuorinen T, Stahle I, Stepanek P, Freudenberg N, Brandsch R: Coxsackievirus B3 infection induces anti-flavoprotein antibodies in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Dec;122(3):404-9. [PubMed:11122247 ]
  8. Lever M, George PM, Dellow WJ, Scott RS, Chambers ST: Homocysteine, glycine betaine, and N,N-dimethylglycine in patients attending a lipid clinic. Metabolism. 2005 Jan;54(1):1-14. [PubMed:15562374 ]
  9. Xia JH, Yu KP, Liu CY, Pan Q, Zheng D, Dai HP: [Molecular clonging of the human dimethyglycine dehydrogenase-like gene (DMGDHL1) from the sarcosinemia critical region at 9q34]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 1999;26(6):591-7. [PubMed:10876657 ]
  10. Jansen M, Hansen TA: Non-growth-associated demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate by (homo)acetogenic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jan;67(1):300-6. [PubMed:11133459 ]
  11. Upadhyaya S, Banerjee G: Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):85-92. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1024918. [PubMed:25901889 ]
  12. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
  13. Koistinen VM (2019). Effects of Food Processing and Gut Microbial Metabolism on Whole Grain Phytochemicals: A Metabolomics Approach. In Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in Health Sciences., no 510 (pp. 26-58). University of Eastern Finland. [ISBN:978-952-61-3088-0 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
DMGDH
Uniprot ID:
Q9UI17
Molecular weight:
96810.135
Reactions
Dimethylglycine + electron-transfer flavoprotein + Water → Sarcosine + Formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoproteindetails
Dimethylglycine + Electron-transferring flavoprotein + Water → Sarcosine + Formaldehyde + Reduced electron-transferring flavoproteindetails
Enzyme Details
2. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
Dimethylglycine → 6-{[2-(dimethylamino)acetyl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
3. Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Converts betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. This reaction is also required for the irreversible oxidation of choline.
Gene Name:
BHMT
Uniprot ID:
Q93088
Molecular weight:
44998.205
Reactions
Betaine + Homocysteine → Dimethylglycine + Methioninedetails
Enzyme Details
4. S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Converts homocysteine to methionine using S-methylmethionine (SMM) as a methyl donor.
Gene Name:
BHMT2
Uniprot ID:
Q9H2M3
Molecular weight:
33166.69
Reactions
Betaine + Homocysteine → Dimethylglycine + Methioninedetails