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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:47 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000397
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00397
Metabolite Identification
Common Name2-Pyrocatechuic acid
Description2-Pyrocatechuic acid is a normal human benzoic acid metabolite found in plasma (PMID 16351159 ), and is normally found with increased levels after consumption of many nutrients and drugs, i.e.: cranberry juice (PMID 14733499 ), aspirin ingestion. (PMID 3342084 ) It has been found associated with idiopathic oro-facial pain due to stress (oxidative stress might enhance the production of free radicals); it has been suggested that OH radicals are responsible for the production of many systemic and local tissue injury diseases which may initially manifest as pain syndrome, and 2-Pyrocatechuic acid is a biological marker for the detection and quantification of OH radicals, and patients had significantly increased circulating levels of 2-Pyrocatechuic acid after aspirin ingestion than control subjects. (PMID 7748148 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC7H6O4
Average Molecular Weight154.121
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight154.026608673
IUPAC Name2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid
Traditional Name2,3-dihydroxy-benzoic acid
CAS Registry Number303-38-8
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-5-3-1-2-4(6(5)9)7(10)11/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11)
InChI KeyGLDQAMYCGOIJDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as salicylic acids. These are ortho-hydroxylated benzoic acids.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentSalicylic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Salicylic acid
  • Benzoic acid
  • Benzoyl
  • Catechol
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point204.00 to 208.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Boiling Point362.00 to 363.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility26120 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP1.20HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available120.3http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000290
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 430 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.129 +/- 0.034 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.11 +/- 0.08 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.11 +/- 0.031 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothIdiopathic oro-facial pain details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.14 +/- 0.05 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothIdiopathic oro-facial pain details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Idiopathic oro-facial pain
  1. Aghabeigi B, Haque M, Wasil M, Hodges SJ, Henderson B, Harris M: The role of oxygen free radicals in idiopathic facial pain. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997 Jun;35(3):161-5. [PubMed:9212290 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01672
Phenol Explorer Compound ID430
FooDB IDFDB012200
KNApSAcK IDC00002669
Chemspider ID18
KEGG Compound IDC00196
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Link2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic_acid
METLIN ID5386
PubChem Compound19
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18026
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH ID23DHB
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1161691
References
Synthesis ReferenceMega, Izumi; Ozawa, Shuji. Manufacture of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2001), 3 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. A J, Trygg J, Gullberg J, Johansson AI, Jonsson P, Antti H, Marklund SL, Moritz T: Extraction and GC/MS analysis of the human blood plasma metabolome. Anal Chem. 2005 Dec 15;77(24):8086-94. [PubMed:16351159 ]
  2. Grootveld M, Halliwell B: Aromatic hydroxylation as a potential measure of hydroxyl-radical formation in vivo. Identification of hydroxylated derivatives of salicylate in human body fluids. Biochem J. 1986 Jul 15;237(2):499-504. [PubMed:3026319 ]
  3. Kaur H, Edmonds SE, Blake DR, Halliwell B: Hydroxyl radical generation by rheumatoid blood and knee joint synovial fluid. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996 Dec;55(12):915-20. [PubMed:9014586 ]
  4. Schulz JB, Dehmer T, Schols L, Mende H, Hardt C, Vorgerd M, Burk K, Matson W, Dichgans J, Beal MF, Bogdanov MB: Oxidative stress in patients with Friedreich ataxia. Neurology. 2000 Dec 12;55(11):1719-21. [PubMed:11113228 ]
  5. Grootveld M, Halliwell B: 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a product of human aspirin metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Jan 15;37(2):271-80. [PubMed:3342084 ]
  6. Zhang K, Zuo Y: GC-MS determination of flavonoids and phenolic and benzoic acids in human plasma after consumption of cranberry juice. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jan 28;52(2):222-7. [PubMed:14733499 ]
  7. Haque MF, Aghabeighi B, Wasil M, Hodges S, Harris M: Oxygen free radicals in idiopathic facial pain. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 1994 Dec;20(3):104-16. [PubMed:7748148 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in magnesium ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol.
Gene Name:
COMT
Uniprot ID:
P21964
Molecular weight:
30036.77
Reactions
2-Pyrocatechuic acid → 3-Methoxysalicylic aciddetails
2-Pyrocatechuic acid → 3-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
2-Pyrocatechuic acid → 6-(3-carboxy-2-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
2-Pyrocatechuic acid → 6-(2-carboxy-6-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
2-Pyrocatechuic acid → 6-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in glycine N-acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine and glutamine, although much less efficiently. Can conjugate numerous substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines, with a preference for benzoyl-CoA over phenylacetyl-CoA as acyl donors. Thereby detoxify xenobiotics, such as benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and endogenous organic acids, such as isovaleric acid.
Gene Name:
GLYAT
Uniprot ID:
Q6IB77
Molecular weight:
18506.33
Reactions
2-Pyrocatechuic acid → 2-{[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}acetic aciddetails
General function:
sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of phenolic monoamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) and phenolic and catechol drugs.
Gene Name:
SULT1A3
Uniprot ID:
P0DMM9
Molecular weight:
34195.96
Reactions
2-Pyrocatechuic acid → 2-hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)benzoic aciddetails