| Record Information |
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| Version | 4.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2020-10-09 20:59:24 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0000468 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Biopterin |
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| Description | Biopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson's disease, in which the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons degenerate, are lower than those from age-matched older controls. In hereditary progressive dystonia/DOPA-responsive dystonia, which is a dopamine deficiency caused by mutations in GTP cyclohydrolase I without neuronal cell death (Segawa's disease), neopterin and biopterin in cerebrospinal fluid decrease in parallel owing to the decreased activity in GTP cyclohydrolase I. GTP cyclohydrolase I (EC 3.5.4.16) is an enzyme that is part of the folate and biopterin biosynthesis pathways. It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate. (Pteridines (1999), 10(1), 5-13.) Lowered levels of urinary biopterin concomitant with elevated serum phenylalanine concentration occur in a variant type of hyperphenylalaninemia caused by a deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the obligatory cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase. The most frequent form of this cofactor deficiency is due to lack of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) activity, the second enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for BH4. (PMID 8178819 ) The hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylating system consists of 3 essential components, phenylalanine hydroxylase, dihydropteridine reductase, and the nonprotein coenzyme, tetrahydrobiopterin. The reductase and the pterin coenzyme are also essential components of the tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylating systems. There are 3 distinct forms of phenylketonuria or hyperphenylalaninemia, each caused by lack of 1 of these essential components. The variant forms of the disease that are caused by the lack of dihydropteridine reductase or tetrahydrobiopterin are characterized by severe neurol. deterioration, impaired functioning of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases, and the resultant deficiency of tyrosine- and tryptophan-derived monoamine neurotransmitters in brain. (PMID 3930837 ). |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (-)-Biopterin | ChEBI | | (1'r,1's) Biopterin | HMDB | | 2-Amino-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4(3H)-pteridinone | HMDB | | 6-Biopterin | HMDB | | L-Biopterin | HMDB | | L-Erythro-biopterin | HMDB | | Pterin H b2 | HMDB | | [S-(R*,s*)]-2-amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4(1H)-pteridinone | HMDB | | Orinapterin | HMDB | | Dictyopterin | HMDB | | 2-Amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4(1H)-pteridinone | HMDB | | Biopterin | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C9H11N5O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 237.2153 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 237.086189243 |
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| IUPAC Name | 2-amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-4,8-dihydropteridin-4-one |
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| Traditional Name | 2-amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-8H-pteridin-4-one |
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| CAS Registry Number | 22150-76-1 |
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| SMILES | C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C1=CNC2=NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=N1 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H11N5O3/c1-3(15)6(16)4-2-11-7-5(12-4)8(17)14-9(10)13-7/h2-3,6,15-16H,1H3,(H3,10,11,13,14,17)/t3-,6-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | LHQIJBMDNUYRAM-DZSWIPIPSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. They are mainly synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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| Class | Pteridines and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Pterins and derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Biopterins and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Biopterin
- Aminopyrimidine
- Pyrimidone
- Pyrazine
- Pyrimidine
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Vinylogous amide
- 1,2-diol
- Secondary alcohol
- Azacycle
- Organic oxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aromatic alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Amine
- Organopnictogen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Disposition | Source: Biological location: |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 0.7 mg/mL | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Disease References | | Segawa Syndrome |
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- Furuya H, Murai H, Takasugi K, Ohyagi Y, Urano F, Kishi T, Ichinose H, Kira J: A case of late-onset Segawa syndrome (autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia) with a novel mutation of the GTP-cyclohydrase I (GCH1) gene. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006 Dec;108(8):784-6. Epub 2005 Nov 14. [PubMed:16289769 ]
| | Sepiapterin reductase deficiency |
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- Verbeek MM, Willemsen MA, Wevers RA, Lagerwerf AJ, Abeling NG, Blau N, Thony B, Vargiami E, Zafeiriou DI: Two Greek siblings with sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab. 2008 Aug;94(4):403-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.04.003. Epub 2008 May 27. [PubMed:18502672 ]
| | Parkinson's disease |
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- Furukawa Y, Nishi K, Mizuno Y, Narabayashi H: [Significance of CSF biopterin and neopterin in hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation (HPD)--a clue to pathogenesis]. No To Shinkei. 1995 Mar;47(3):261-8. [PubMed:7669428 ]
| | Urocanase deficiency |
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- Espinos C, Pineda M, Martinez-Rubio D, Lupo V, Ormazabal A, Vilaseca MA, Spaapen LJ, Palau F, Artuch R: Mutations in the urocanase gene UROC1 are associated with urocanic aciduria. J Med Genet. 2009 Jun;46(6):407-11. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2008.060632. Epub 2009 Mar 19. [PubMed:19304569 ]
| | 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency |
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- Thony B, Leimbacher W, Blau N, Harvie A, Heizmann CW: Hyperphenylalaninemia due to defects in tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism: molecular characterization of mutations in 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 May;54(5):782-92. [PubMed:8178819 ]
| | Pterin-4a carbinolamine dehydratase deficiency |
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- Blaskovics M, Giudici TA: A new variant of biopterin deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 15;319(24):1611-2. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198812153192420. [PubMed:3200274 ]
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| General References | - Fiege B, Ballhausen D, Kierat L, Leimbacher W, Goriounov D, Schircks B, Thony B, Blau N: Plasma tetrahydrobiopterin and its pharmacokinetic following oral administration. Mol Genet Metab. 2004 Jan;81(1):45-51. [PubMed:14728990 ]
- Friedland RP, Koss E, Haxby JV, Grady CL, Luxenberg J, Schapiro MB, Kaye J: NIH conference. Alzheimer disease: clinical and biological heterogeneity. Ann Intern Med. 1988 Aug 15;109(4):298-311. [PubMed:2969203 ]
- Snyderman SE, Sansaricq C, Pulmones MT: Successful long term therapy of biopterin deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1987;10(3):260-6. [PubMed:3123784 ]
- Nagatsu T, Yamaguchi T, Kato T, Sugimoto T, Matsuura S, Akino M, Nagatsu I, Iizuka R, Narabayashi H: Biopterin in human brain and urine from controls and parkinsonian patients: application of a new radioimmunoassay. Clin Chim Acta. 1981 Feb 5;109(3):305-11. [PubMed:6112078 ]
- Katoh S, Sueoka T, Matsuura S, Sugimoto T: Biopterin and neopterin in human saliva. Life Sci. 1989;45(26):2561-8. [PubMed:2615555 ]
- Ichinose H, Ohye T, Shinotoh H, Arai K, Yamazaki S, Mizuta E, Kuno S, Nagatsu T: Biopterin metabolism in patients with malignant syndrome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2003 Apr;9 Suppl 1:S11-4. [PubMed:12735910 ]
- Zurfluh MR, Giovannini M, Fiori L, Fiege B, Gokdemir Y, Baykal T, Kierat L, Gartner KH, Thony B, Blau N: Screening for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies using dried blood spots on filter paper. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Dec;86 Suppl 1:S96-103. Epub 2005 Nov 7. [PubMed:16275037 ]
- Ogiwara S, Kiuchi K, Nagatsu T, Teradaira R, Nagatsu I, Fujita K, Sugimoto T: Highly sensitive, specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of neopterin and biopterin in biological samples. Clin Chem. 1992 Oct;38(10):1954-8. [PubMed:1394977 ]
- Hirata Y, Sawada M, Minami M, Arai H, Iizuka R, Nagatsu T: Tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, biopterin, and neopterin in the brain of anorexia nervosa. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1990;80(2):145-50. [PubMed:1969283 ]
- Dhondt JL, Tilmont P, Ringel J, Farriaux JP: Pterins analysis in amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1990;13(6):879-82. [PubMed:2079836 ]
- Furukawa Y, Kapatos G, Haycock JW, Worsley J, Wong H, Kish SJ, Nygaard TG: Brain biopterin and tyrosine hydroxylase in asymptomatic dopa-responsive dystonia. Ann Neurol. 2002 May;51(5):637-41. [PubMed:12112113 ]
- Bonafe L, Thony B, Penzien JM, Czarnecki B, Blau N: Mutations in the sepiapterin reductase gene cause a novel tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent monoamine-neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;69(2):269-77. Epub 2001 Jul 6. [PubMed:11443547 ]
- Bonafe L, Thony B, Leimbacher W, Kierat L, Blau N: Diagnosis of dopa-responsive dystonia and other tetrahydrobiopterin disorders by the study of biopterin metabolism in fibroblasts. Clin Chem. 2001 Mar;47(3):477-85. [PubMed:11238300 ]
- Slazyk WE, Spierto FW: Liquid-chromatographic measurement of biopterin and neopterin in serum and urine. Clin Chem. 1990 Jul;36(7):1364-8. [PubMed:2372953 ]
- Dhondt JL, Hayte JM, Forzy G, Delcroix M, Farriaux JP: Unconjugated pteridines in amniotic fluid during gestation. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Dec 30;161(3):269-73. [PubMed:3802534 ]
- Iizuka T, Sasaki M, Oishi K, Uemura S, Koike M, Minatogawa Y: Nitric oxide may trigger lactation in humans. J Pediatr. 1997 Dec;131(6):839-43. [PubMed:9427887 ]
- Zoghbi HY, Milstien S, Butler IJ, Smith EO, Kaufman S, Glaze DG, Percy AK: Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines and biopterin in Rett syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1989 Jan;25(1):56-60. [PubMed:2913929 ]
- Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
- Thony B, Leimbacher W, Blau N, Harvie A, Heizmann CW: Hyperphenylalaninemia due to defects in tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism: molecular characterization of mutations in 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 May;54(5):782-92. [PubMed:8178819 ]
- Kaufman S: Hyperphenylalaninaemia caused by defects in biopterin metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1985;8 Suppl 1:20-7. [PubMed:3930837 ]
- (). Nagatsu T, Ichinose H, Mogi M, Togari A (1999) Neopterin and cytokines in hereditary dystonia and Parkinson’s disease. Pteridines 10: 5–13.. .
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