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Showing metabocard for Phenylacetic acid (HMDB0000209)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2025-04-10 18:18:02 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000209
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0001326
  • HMDB00209
  • HMDB01326
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePhenylacetic acid
DescriptionPhenyl acetate (or phenylacetate) is a carboxylic acid ester that has been found in the biofluids of patients with nephritis and/or hepatitis as well as patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of metabolism. Phenyl acetate has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821 ). Excess phenylalanine in the body can be disposed of through a transamination process leading to the production of phenylpyruvate. The phenylpyruvate can be further metabolized into a number of products. Decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate gives phenylacetate, while a reduction reaction gives phenyllactate. The phenylacetate can be further conjugated with glutamine to give phenylacetyl glutamine. All of these metabolites can be detected in serum and urine of PKU patients. Phenyl acetate is also produced endogenously as the metabolite of 2-Phenylethylamine, which is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase to form phenyl acetate. 2-phenylethylamine is an "endogenous amphetamine" which may modulate central adrenergic functions, and the urinary phenyl acetate levels have been postulated as a marker for depression. (PMID: 17978765 , 476920 , 6857245 ). Phenylacetate is also found in essential oils, e.g. neroli, rose oil, free and as esters' and in many fruits. As a result it is used as a perfumery and flavoring ingredient. Phenyl acetate is a microbial metabolite.
Structure
Data?1676999677
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

  Mrv1652309272007372D          

 10 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434   -0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8579    0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  2  0  0  0  0
  3 10  1  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  4  2  0  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  6  2  2  0  0  0  0
  8  7  2  0  0  0  0
  9  7  1  0  0  0  0
 10  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

HMDB0000209
     RDKit          3D
Phenylacetic acid
 18 18  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    1.8439   -1.1936   -1.4173 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3038   -0.5513   -0.4459 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6773   -0.5743   -0.2528 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4770    0.2113    0.4825 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0332    0.1586    0.1721 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8004   -0.8066    0.6971 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1302   -0.7575    0.3368 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6302    0.2030   -0.5089 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8066    1.1649   -1.0338 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4748    1.1207   -0.6767 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0763   -0.9324    0.6200 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7532    1.2851    0.5366 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5833   -0.2288    1.5149 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3839   -1.5476    1.3570 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7687   -1.5295    0.7636 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6919    0.1664   -0.7394 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2220    1.9100   -1.6965 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1609    1.9017   -1.1110 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  6  7  1  0
  7  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10  5  1  0
  3 11  1  0
  4 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
  7 15  1  0
  8 16  1  0
  9 17  1  0
 10 18  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

  Mrv1652309272007372D          

 10 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434   -0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8579    0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  2  0  0  0  0
  3 10  1  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  4  2  0  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  6  2  2  0  0  0  0
  8  7  2  0  0  0  0
  9  7  1  0  0  0  0
 10  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000209

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C8H8O2/c9-8(10)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,9,10)

> <INCHI_KEY>
WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C8H8O2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
136.1479

> <EXACT_MASS>
136.0524295

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
18

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
13.849901131444868

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
2-phenylacetic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
1.72

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
1.610994105333333

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-1.58

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
4.546943579612796

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
37.3

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
37.3656

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
3.61e+00 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
ω-phenylacetic acid

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

HMDB0000209
     RDKit          3D
Phenylacetic acid
 18 18  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    1.8439   -1.1936   -1.4173 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3038   -0.5513   -0.4459 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6773   -0.5743   -0.2528 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4770    0.2113    0.4825 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0332    0.1586    0.1721 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8004   -0.8066    0.6971 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1302   -0.7575    0.3368 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6302    0.2030   -0.5089 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8066    1.1649   -1.0338 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4748    1.1207   -0.6767 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0763   -0.9324    0.6200 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7532    1.2851    0.5366 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5833   -0.2288    1.5149 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3839   -1.5476    1.3570 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7687   -1.5295    0.7636 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6919    0.1664   -0.7394 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2220    1.9100   -1.6965 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1609    1.9017   -1.1110 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  6  7  1  0
  7  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10  5  1  0
  3 11  1  0
  4 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
  7 15  1  0
  8 16  1  0
  9 17  1  0
 10 18  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       0.000   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -1.334   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       1.334   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.000  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      -1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       4.001   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       4.001  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0       5.335   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0       2.667   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2    3                                                       
CONECT    2    1    6                                                       
CONECT    3    1   10    4                                                  
CONECT    4    3    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5    2                                                       
CONECT    7    8    9   10                                                  
CONECT    8    7                                                            
CONECT    9    7                                                            
CONECT   10    3    7                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10    0   20    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000209
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1       1.844  -1.194  -1.417  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1       2.304  -0.551  -0.446  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O2  UNL     1       3.677  -0.574  -0.253  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1       1.477   0.211   0.482  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1       0.033   0.159   0.172  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C4  UNL     1      -0.800  -0.807   0.697  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C5  UNL     1      -2.130  -0.758   0.337  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1      -2.630   0.203  -0.509  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C7  UNL     1      -1.807   1.165  -1.034  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C8  UNL     1      -0.475   1.121  -0.677  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  H1  UNL     1       4.076  -0.932   0.620  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H2  UNL     1       1.753   1.285   0.537  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H3  UNL     1       1.583  -0.229   1.515  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H4  UNL     1      -0.384  -1.548   1.357  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H5  UNL     1      -2.769  -1.529   0.764  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H6  UNL     1      -3.692   0.166  -0.739  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H7  UNL     1      -2.222   1.910  -1.697  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H8  UNL     1       0.161   1.902  -1.111  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2
CONECT    2    3    4
CONECT    3   11
CONECT    4    5   12   13
CONECT    5    6    6   10
CONECT    6    7   14
CONECT    7    8    8   15
CONECT    8    9   16
CONECT    9   10   10   17
CONECT   10   18
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1
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INCHI for HMDB0000209 (Phenylacetic acid)

InChI=1S/C8H8O2/c9-8(10)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,9,10)
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC8H8O2
Average Molecular Weight136.1479
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight136.0524295
IUPAC Name2-phenylacetic acid
Traditional Nameω-phenylacetic acid
CAS Registry Number103-82-2
SMILES
OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H8O2/c9-8(10)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,9,10)
InChI KeyWLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentBenzene and substituted derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effectOrganoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point76.7 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility16.6 mg/mLNot Available
LogP1.41HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Kidney disease
  1. Jankowski J, van der Giet M, Jankowski V, Schmidt S, Hemeier M, Mahn B, Giebing G, Tolle M, Luftmann H, Schluter H, Zidek W, Tepel M: Increased plasma phenylacetic acid in patients with end-stage renal failure inhibits iNOS expression. J Clin Invest. 2003 Jul;112(2):256-64. [PubMed:12865413 ]
Leukemia
  1. Silvennoinen R, Malminiemi K, Malminiemi O, Seppala E, Vilpo J: Pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: comparison of different days, cycles and doses. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2000 Nov;87(5):223-8. [PubMed:11129502 ]
Uremia
  1. Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A: Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1258-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121175. Epub 2012 May 24. [PubMed:22626821 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  2. Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013. [PubMed:23940645 ]
  2. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  3. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  4. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
  5. Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20. [PubMed:28587349 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Missing teeth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Prosthesis/Missing teeth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Supragingival Calculus
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Supragingival Plaque
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Tooth Decay
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Phenylketonuria
  1. Monch E, Kneer J, Jakobs C, Arnold M, Diehl H, Batzler U: Examination of urine metabolites in the newborn period and during protein loading tests at 6 months of age--Part 1. Eur J Pediatr. 1990;149 Suppl 1:S17-24. [PubMed:2091926 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB09269
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB031100
KNApSAcK IDC00000750
Chemspider ID10181341
KEGG Compound IDC07086
BioCyc IDPHENYLACETATE
BiGG ID1486426
Wikipedia LinkPhenylacetic_acid
METLIN ID129
PubChem Compound999
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID30745
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDPAC
MarkerDB IDMDB00000100
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceZhou, Shu-jing; Li, Jin-lian; Luan, Fang. New synthetic method for benzeneacetic acid. Huaxue Yu Shengwu Gongcheng (2005), 22(2), 43-44.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. This protein preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. It may play a role in the oxidation of toxic aldehydes.
Gene Name:
ALDH3A1
Uniprot ID:
P30838
Molecular weight:
50394.57
Reactions
Phenylacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Phenylacetaldehyde + NADP + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early eye development and also in the development of the olfactory system (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ALDH1A3
Uniprot ID:
P47895
Molecular weight:
56107.995
Reactions
Phenylacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Phenylacetaldehyde + NADP + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
3. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
Phenylacetic acid → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ALDH3B2
Uniprot ID:
P48448
Molecular weight:
42623.62
Reactions
Phenylacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Phenylacetaldehyde + NADP + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
5. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Oxidizes medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. Metabolizes also benzaldehyde. Low activity towards acetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. May not metabolize short chain aldehydes. May use both NADP(+) and NAD(+) as cofactors. May have a protective role against the cytotoxicity induced by lipid peroxidation.
Gene Name:
ALDH3B1
Uniprot ID:
P43353
Molecular weight:
51839.245
Reactions
Phenylacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Phenylacetaldehyde + NADP + Water → Phenylacetic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails