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Showing metabocard for Benzene (HMDB0001505)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-07 16:45:30 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001505
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01505
Metabolite Identification
Common NameBenzene
DescriptionBenzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene, also known as benzol or [6]annulene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene. Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is sometimes abbreviated PhH. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma around petrol (gasoline) stations. It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually. Although a major industrial chemical, benzene finds limited use in consumer items because of its toxicity. Benzene is formally rated as a carcinogen (by IARC 1) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Benzene has been found to be associated with several diseases such as autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.
Structure
Data?1582752206
MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)


  Mrv1652303202019012D          

  6  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.8705    0.4902    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5849    0.0777    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5849   -0.7473    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8705   -1.1598    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1560   -0.7473    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1560    0.0777    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  6  1  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)

Download
3D SDF for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)

  Mrv1652305271900032D          

  6  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.8705    0.4902    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5849    0.0777    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5849   -0.7473    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8705   -1.1598    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1560   -0.7473    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1560    0.0777    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  6  1  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0001505

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
C1=CC=CC=C1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H

> <INCHI_KEY>
UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H6

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
78.1118

> <EXACT_MASS>
78.046950192

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
12

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
8.891672212088666

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
benzene

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
2.03

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
1.973245816

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-1.85

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
0.0

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
26.058

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.11e+00 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
benzene

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$

Download
3D-SDF for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)
241
  -OEChem-03112023163D

 12 12  0     0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.2131   -0.6884    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2028    0.7064    0.0001 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0103   -1.3948    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0104    1.3948   -0.0001 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2028   -0.7063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2131    0.6884    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1577   -1.2244    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1393    1.2564    0.0001 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0184   -2.4809   -0.0001 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0184    2.4808    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1394   -1.2563    0.0001 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1577    1.2245    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  8  1  0  0  0  0
  3  5  2  0  0  0  0
  3  9  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  2  0  0  0  0
  4 10  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  5 11  1  0  0  0  0
  6 12  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <PUBCHEM_COMPOUND_CID>
241

> <PUBCHEM_CONFORMER_RMSD>
0.4

> <PUBCHEM_CONFORMER_DIVERSEORDER>
1

> <PUBCHEM_MMFF94_PARTIAL_CHARGES>
12
1 -0.15
10 0.15
11 0.15
12 0.15
2 -0.15
3 -0.15
4 -0.15
5 -0.15
6 -0.15
7 0.15
8 0.15
9 0.15

> <PUBCHEM_EFFECTIVE_ROTOR_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_PHARMACOPHORE_FEATURES>
1
6 1 2 3 4 5 6 rings

> <PUBCHEM_HEAVY_ATOM_COUNT>
6

> <PUBCHEM_ATOM_DEF_STEREO_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_ATOM_UDEF_STEREO_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_BOND_DEF_STEREO_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_BOND_UDEF_STEREO_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_ISOTOPIC_ATOM_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_COMPONENT_COUNT>
1

> <PUBCHEM_CACTVS_TAUTO_COUNT>
1

> <PUBCHEM_CONFORMER_ID>
000000F100000001

> <PUBCHEM_MMFF94_ENERGY>
13.148

> <PUBCHEM_FEATURE_SELFOVERLAP>
5.074

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_FINGERPRINT>
16714656 1 18123201108121732318
20096714 4 18339082562313515547
21015797 1 9222644709913001990
21040471 1 18194402190896164549

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_MULTIPOLES>
123.48
1.59
1.59
0.62
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_SELFOVERLAP>
251.998

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_VOLUME>
67.5

> <PUBCHEM_COORDINATE_TYPE>
2
5
10

$$$$

Download
PDB for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)
HEADER    PROTEIN                                 20-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   20-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      -1.625   0.915   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -2.958   0.145   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      -2.958  -1.395   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      -1.625  -2.165   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      -0.291  -1.395   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      -0.291   0.145   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2    6                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4                                                       
CONECT    4    3    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5    1                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    6    0   12    0
END

Download
3D PDB for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)
COMPND    https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/C1=CC=CC=C1/file?format=sdf&get... 
AUTHOR    GENERATED BY OPEN BABEL 3.1.0
HETATM    1  C   UNL     1       0.164  -1.373  -0.000  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C   UNL     1      -1.107  -0.828   0.000  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C   UNL     1      -1.271   0.544   0.000  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C   UNL     1      -0.164   1.373   0.000  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C   UNL     1       1.107   0.828   0.001  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C   UNL     1       1.271  -0.544  -0.001  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  H   UNL     1       0.292  -2.445   0.004  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H   UNL     1      -1.971  -1.476   0.000  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H   UNL     1      -2.264   0.969  -0.001  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H   UNL     1      -0.292   2.445  -0.001  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H   UNL     1       1.971   1.476  -0.000  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H   UNL     1       2.264  -0.969   0.000  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2    6    7                                       
CONECT    2    1    1    3    8                                       
CONECT    3    2    4    4    9                                       
CONECT    4    3    3    5   10                                       
CONECT    5    4    6    6   11                                       
CONECT    6    5    5    1   12                                       
CONECT    7    1                                                      
CONECT    8    2                                                      
CONECT    9    3                                                      
CONECT   10    4                                                      
CONECT   11    5                                                      
CONECT   12    6                                                      
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   12    0
END

Download
SMILES for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)
C1=CC=CC=C1
Download
INCHI for HMDB0001505 (Benzene)
InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
Download
View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
[6]AnnuleneChEBI
BenzenChEBI
BenzineChEBI
BenzolChEBI
BenzoleChEBI
Bicarburet OF hydrogenChEBI
Coal naphthaChEBI
CyclohexatrieneChEBI
Mineral naphthaChEBI
PheneChEBI
Phenyl hydrideChEBI
PyrobenzolChEBI
PyrobenzoleChEBI
(6)AnnuleneHMDB
AnnuleneHMDB
Aromatic alkaneHMDB
BenzeenHMDB
BenzinHMDB
BenzinumHMDB
Benzol 90HMDB
BenzoleneHMDB
BenzoloHMDB
BenzolumHMDB
BNZHMDB
Carbon oilHMDB
FenzenHMDB
Motor benzolHMDB
PolystreamHMDB
RNGHMDB
{[6]annulene}HMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H6
Average Molecular Weight78.1118
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight78.046950192
IUPAC Namebenzene
Traditional Namebenzene
CAS Registry Number71-43-2
SMILES
C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
InChI KeyUHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
KingdomOrganic compounds  
Super ClassBenzenoids  
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives  
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentBenzene and substituted derivatives  
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
    • 

  • Aromatic hydrocarbon
    • 

  • Unsaturated hydrocarbon
    • 

  • Hydrocarbon
    • 

  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect:
Disposition
Source:
Route of exposure:
Biological location:
Role
Indirect biological role:
Environmental role:
Industrial application:
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point5.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1.79 mg/mLNot Available
LogP2.13HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.07 g/LALOGPS
logP2.03ALOGPS
logP1.97ChemAxon
logS-1.8ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity26.06 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability8.89 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
GC-MS
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-9000000000-70967112fec69784847c2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-9000000000-92ccc664b07cb6c56de92017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0fb9-9000000000-2aae37aac9f2a02d5e8b2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-9100000000-11f8463e7c6286637b1b2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-9000000000-70967112fec69784847c2018-05-18View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-9000000000-92ccc664b07cb6c56de92018-05-18View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0fb9-9000000000-2aae37aac9f2a02d5e8b2018-05-18View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-9100000000-11f8463e7c6286637b1b2018-05-18View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-c5901591488019f3ac5d2017-09-01View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-004i-9000000000-08f396d6cb4660e57caa2014-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-70967112fec69784847c2012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (JEOL JMS-D-3000) , Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-92ccc664b07cb6c56de92012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HP 5970) , Positivesplash10-0fb9-9000000000-2aae37aac9f2a02d5e8b2012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - CI-B (FINNIGAN-MAT 4500) , Positivesplash10-004i-9100000000-11f8463e7c6286637b1b2012-08-31View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  10V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-45ac36cbb443a00d6a172017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  20V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-9cad19d98e6420c7b6a32017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  40V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-2dace4807cb04a7942de2017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  10V, Negativesplash10-004i-9000000000-b9df9bb9660e1fc49a7f2017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  20V, Negativesplash10-004i-9000000000-b9df9bb9660e1fc49a7f2017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  40V, Negativesplash10-004i-9000000000-b4ff542394722302be432017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  10V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-b961755486c61c33c1c72021-09-07View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  20V, Positivesplash10-0fb9-9000000000-9a8a4f7775597a0e167e2021-09-07View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum -  40V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-fd85b2b474c37c371a5a2021-09-07View Spectrum
NMR
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)2014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)2014-09-23View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)2012-12-05View Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
    • 

  • Breath
    • 

  • Feces
    • 

  • Saliva
Tissue Locations
  • Bone Marrow
    • 

  • Epidermis
    • 

  • Leukocyte
    • 

  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000384 (0.000320-0.000448) uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • National Health a...
  details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000307 (0.000256-0.000384) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • National Health a...
  details
BreathDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
 
Normal		  details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal  details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
 
Normal		  details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal  details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
 
Normal		  details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal  details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal  details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor  details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progressor  details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothAutism  details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothPervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified   details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothCeliac disease  details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Autism
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822  ] 
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822  ] 
Celiac disease
  1. Francavilla R, Ercolini D, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Filippis F, De Pasquale I, Di Cagno R, Di Toma M, Gozzi G, Serrazanetti DI, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M: Salivary microbiota and metabolome associated with celiac disease. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Jun;80(11):3416-25. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00362-14. Epub  2014 Mar 21. [PubMed:24657864  ] 
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012843  
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID236  
KEGG Compound IDC01407  
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkBenzene  
METLIN ID6285  
PubChem Compound241  
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16716  
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceCopisarow, Maurice; Long, Cyril N H. The Friedel-Crafts' reaction. II. Migration of halogen atoms in the benzene nucleus. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions (1921), 119 442-7.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
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