| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-02-23 10:34:24 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:15:52 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0001864 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 2-Ketohexanoic acid |
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| Description | 2-Ketohexanoic acid, also known as alpha-ketocaproic acid or 2-oxohexanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with a 6 to 12 carbon atoms long side chain. 2-Ketohexanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as anatidaes (Anatidae), chickens (Gallus gallus), and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). This could make 2-ketohexanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Ketohexanoic acid is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2-Ketohexanoic acid. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C6H10O3/c1-2-3-4-5(7)6(8)9/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,8,9) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-Keto-N-caproic acid | ChEBI | | 2-oxo 6:0 | ChEBI | | 2-oxo C6:0 | ChEBI | | 2-Oxohexanoate | ChEBI | | alpha-Ketocaproic acid | ChEBI | | alpha-Ketohexanoic acid | ChEBI | | 2-Keto-N-caproate | Generator | | 2-Oxohexanoic acid | Generator | | a-Ketocaproate | Generator | | a-Ketocaproic acid | Generator | | alpha-Ketocaproate | Generator | | Α-ketocaproate | Generator | | Α-ketocaproic acid | Generator | | a-Ketohexanoate | Generator | | a-Ketohexanoic acid | Generator | | alpha-Ketohexanoate | Generator | | Α-ketohexanoate | Generator | | Α-ketohexanoic acid | Generator | | 2-Ketohexanoate | Generator | | 2-Ketocaproate | MeSH | | alpha-Ketocaproic acid, sodium salt | MeSH | | 2-Ketocaproic acid | HMDB | | 2-oxo-Hexanoate | HMDB | | 2-oxo-Hexanoic acid | HMDB | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid | ChEBI |
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| Chemical Formula | C6H10O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 130.1418 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 130.062994186 |
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| IUPAC Name | 2-oxohexanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | 2-oxohexanoic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 2492-75-3 |
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| SMILES | CCCCC(=O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H10O3/c1-2-3-4-5(7)6(8)9/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,8,9) |
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| InChI Key | XNIHZNNZJHYHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with a 6 to 12 carbon atoms long side chain. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Keto acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Medium-chain keto acids and derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Medium-chain keto acids and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Medium-chain keto acid
- Alpha-keto acid
- Alpha-hydroxy ketone
- Ketone
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 3.32 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 11.8686 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.14 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 38.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1602.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 386.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 131.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 253.0 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 183.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 437.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 498.2 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 108.5 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 945.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 344.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1131.7 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 277.9 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 350.7 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 447.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 300.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 98.3 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 2-Ketohexanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCC(=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1169.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1273.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1331.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1277.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1337.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCC(=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1392.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1513.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1773.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1663.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ketohexanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1668.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| General References | - Nakahara T, Ishida J, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura M: Determination of alpha-keto acids including phenylpyruvic acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection. Anal Biochem. 1990 Nov 1;190(2):309-13. [PubMed:2291475 ]
- Shroads AL, Henderson GN, Cheung J, James MO, Stacpoole PW: Unified gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for quantitating tyrosine metabolites in urine and plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Sep 5;808(2):153-61. [PubMed:15261808 ]
- Lenzen S, Formanek H, Panten U: Signal function of metabolism of neutral amino acids and 2-keto acids for initiation of insulin secretion. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jun 25;257(12):6631-3. [PubMed:7045091 ]
- Heissig H, Urban KA, Hastedt K, Zunkler BJ, Panten U: Mechanism of the insulin-releasing action of alpha-ketoisocaproate and related alpha-keto acid anions. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;68(4):1097-105. Epub 2005 Jul 13. [PubMed:16014804 ]
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