Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:49 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:21 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0002349 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | trans-trans-Muconic acid |
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Description | trans,trans-Muconic acid is a urinary metabolite of benzene and has been used as a biomarker of exposure to benzene in humans exposed to levels as low as 1 ppm. However, muconic acid may also be derived from sorbic acid and its salts. Dietary supplementation with 500 mg sorbic acid significantly increases the urinary trans,trans-muconic acid excretion. Under study conditions, 0.12% of the sorbic acid dose is excreted in urine as trans,trans-muconic acid thereby indicating that a typical dietary intake of 6-30 mg/day of sorbic acid accounts for 10-50% of the background of trans,trans-muconic acid excretion in nonsmokers, and for 5-25% in smokers (PMID: 8021961 , 1487326 , 9137998 , Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;69(4):247-51.). trans,trans-Muconic acid has been found to be a metabolite in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida (PMID: 26360870 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C6H6O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/b3-1+,4-2+ |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienedioic acid | ChEBI | (e,e)-2,4-Hexadienedioic acid | ChEBI | (e,e)-Muconic acid | ChEBI | trans,trans-1,3-Butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid | ChEBI | trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienedioic acid | ChEBI | trans,trans-Buta-1,3-diene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid | ChEBI | (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienedioate | Generator | (e,e)-2,4-Hexadienedioate | Generator | (e,e)-Muconate | Generator | trans,trans-1,3-Butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate | Generator | trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienedioate | Generator | trans,trans-Buta-1,3-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate | Generator | trans-trans-Muconate | Generator | cis,cis-Muconate | MeSH | Muconic acid | MeSH | Muconic acid, (e,e)-isomer | MeSH | trans-beta-Hydromuconic acid | MeSH | 1,3-Butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate | HMDB | 1,3-Butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid | HMDB | Hexa-2,4-dienedioate | HMDB | Hexa-2,4-dienedioic acid | HMDB | trans,trans-Muconic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C6H6O4 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 142.1094 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 142.02660868 |
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IUPAC Name | (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienedioic acid |
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Traditional Name | trans, trans-muconic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 3588-17-8 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H6O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/b3-1+,4-2+ |
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InChI Key | TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-ZPUQHVIOSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Fatty acids and conjugates |
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Direct Parent | Medium-chain fatty acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Medium-chain fatty acid
- Unsaturated fatty acid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 301 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0.2 mg/mL at 15 °C | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) | splash10-00di-3950000000-4833ed03fecc5d107087 | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-00di-3950000000-4833ed03fecc5d107087 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0002-0920000000-25984cbefee561769fe3 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0005-9400000000-1d771b996d6b60d97202 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00dj-8930000000-43cca1649a383c178957 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-002f-1900000000-ba0597e9fe553580b776 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004m-9700000000-bb11fdbd4cb83319bdcf | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-9000000000-60049330475bcfa51fdd | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-1900000000-d089e6c88da6929f4c62 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-5900000000-d4f0aa2255b01aabc0bf | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0fdp-9300000000-bc5a2d5e39f202b87d9c | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004j-9600000000-3e5c79b293ac84a6a831 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-9200000000-b7fce2b042b06e3cb276 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udr-9000000000-5b8045afa89b9f96b99d | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-9200000000-5b62b2b14bc9b75cd848 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0fb9-9000000000-20df0bac53b1a654f39b | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - trans-trans-Muconic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0fb9-9000000000-e2a3f3d1e8945188e022 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.03 +/- 0.016 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.1 (0.05 - 0.3) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Smoking | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.16 +/- 0.02 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Benzene exposure | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Benzene exposure |
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- Chanvaivit S, Navasumrit P, Hunsonti P, Autrup H, Ruchirawat M: Exposure assessment of benzene in Thai workers, DNA-repair capacity and influence of genetic polymorphisms. Mutat Res. 2007 Jan 10;626(1-2):79-87. Epub 2006 Nov 13. [PubMed:17095285 ]
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- Ruppert T, Scherer G, Tricker AR, Adlkofer F: trans,trans-muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environmental exposure to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;69(4):247-51. [PubMed:9137998 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB023893 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 4512358 |
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KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | 25-DICHLORO-CISCIS-MUCONATE |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Muconic_acid |
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METLIN ID | 6639 |
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PubChem Compound | 5356793 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 27036 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | MDB00000390 |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Erlenmeyer, H.; Schoenauer, W. A synthesis of trans-trans-muconic acid from fumaric acid. Helvetica Chimica Acta (1937), 20 1008-12. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Renner T, Baer-Koetzle M, Scherer G: Determination of sorbic acid in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1999 Jun 25;847(1-2):127-33. [PubMed:10431356 ]
- Kim S, Vermeulen R, Waidyanatha S, Johnson BA, Lan Q, Rothman N, Smith MT, Zhang L, Li G, Shen M, Yin S, Rappaport SM: Using urinary biomarkers to elucidate dose-related patterns of human benzene metabolism. Carcinogenesis. 2006 Apr;27(4):772-81. Epub 2005 Dec 8. [PubMed:16339183 ]
- Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, Soogarun S: The urine trans, trans muconic acid biomarker and platelet count in a sample of subjects with benzene exposure. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2004 Jan;10(1):73-6. [PubMed:14979410 ]
- Hecht SS: Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jun;23(6):907-22. [PubMed:12082012 ]
- Ruppert T, Scherer G, Tricker AR, Adlkofer F: trans,trans-muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environmental exposure to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;69(4):247-51. [PubMed:9137998 ]
- Bartczak A, Kline SA, Yu R, Weisel CP, Goldstein BD, Witz G, Bechtold WE: Evaluation of assays for the identification and quantitation of muconic acid, a benzene metabolite in human urine. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994 Jul;42(3):245-58. [PubMed:8021961 ]
- Ducos P, Gaudin R, Bel J, Maire C, Francin JM, Robert A, Wild P: trans,trans-Muconic acid, a reliable biological indicator for the detection of individual benzene exposure down to the ppm level. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;64(5):309-13. [PubMed:1487326 ]
- Becker J, Lange A, Fabarius J, Wittmann C: Top value platform chemicals: bio-based production of organic acids. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2015 Dec;36:168-75. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.08.022. Epub 2015 Sep 8. [PubMed:26360870 ]
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