| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:54 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:25 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0002466 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid |
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| Description | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as 3-hydroxybenzoate or 3-carboxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in american cranberries and beers. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as bilberries, citrus, and corns. As well, 3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid can be found in the pineapple fruit. It can also be formed by a Pseudomonas species from 3-Chlorobenzoic acid. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be obtained by the alkali fusion of 3-sulfobenzoic acid between 210-220 °C. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a component of castoreum, the exudate from the castor sacs of the mature North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the European beaver (Castor fiber), used in perfumery. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-3-1-2-5(4-6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 3-Carboxyphenol | ChEBI | | m-Hydroxybenzoic acid | ChEBI | | m-Salicylic acid | ChEBI | | m-Hydroxybenzoate | Generator | | m-Salicylate | Generator | | 3-Hydroxybenzoate | Generator | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, monosodium salt | HMDB | | Sodium 3-hydroxybenzoic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, copper (2+) (1:1) salt | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxy benzoate | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxy benzoic acid | HMDB | | Acido m-idrossibenzoico | HMDB | | Kyselina 3-hydroxybenzoova | HMDB | | m-Hba | HMDB | | Meta-hydroxybenzoate | HMDB | | Meta-hydroxybenzoic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid | KEGG | | 3-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C7H6O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 138.122 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 138.031694053 |
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| IUPAC Name | 3-hydroxybenzoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | 3-hydroxybenzoic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 99-06-9 |
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| SMILES | OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-3-1-2-5(4-6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10) |
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| InChI Key | IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Benzenoids |
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| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Benzoic acids and derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Hydroxybenzoic acid
- Benzoic acid
- Benzoyl
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 202 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 7.25 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | | LogP | 1.50 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.61 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.8958 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 3.45 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 64.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1151.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 340.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 105.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 215.7 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 125.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 358.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 360.9 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 111.4 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 739.5 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 288.8 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 990.2 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 236.3 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 302.9 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 509.4 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 225.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 190.3 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 | 1561.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=CC(C(=O)O)=C1 | 1565.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 1583.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 | 1816.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=CC(C(=O)O)=C1 | 1791.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2044.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| Spectra |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.089 +/- 0.006 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.273 +/- 1.198 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.089 +/- 0.008 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.09 +/- 0.01 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.194 +/- 0.056 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.149 +/- 0.024 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.103 +/- 0.015 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.119 +/- 0.023 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 6.878 +/- 3.548 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 0.340 (0.0652-1.260) nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 7.530 +/- 9.774 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 4.561 +/- 2.317 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 4.272 +/- 4.416 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.135 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.00300-2.510 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.0 +/- 0.44 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.121 +/- 0.036 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 429 | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | 429 |
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| FooDB ID | FDB010507 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00040822 |
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| Chemspider ID | 7142 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C00587 |
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| BioCyc ID | 3-HYDROXYBENZOATE |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | 3-Hydroxybenzoic_acid |
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| METLIN ID | 6690 |
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| PubChem Compound | 7420 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 30764 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Ungnade, H. E.; Henick, A. S. Preparation of m-hydroxybenzoic acid. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1942), 64 1737-8. |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Liu JH, Smith PC: Direct analysis of salicylic acid, salicyl acyl glucuronide, salicyluric acid and gentisic acid in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Jan 12;675(1):61-70. [PubMed:8634769 ]
- Ito S, Maruta K, Imai Y, Kato T, Ito M, Nakajima S, Fujita K, Kurahashi T: Urinary p-aminobenzoic acid determined in the pancreatic function test by liquid chromatography, with electrochemical detection. Clin Chem. 1982 Feb;28(2):323-6. [PubMed:6976857 ]
- Dubois H, Delvoux B, Ehrhardt V, Greiling H: An enzymic assay for uric acid in serum and urine compared with HPLC. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1989 Mar;27(3):151-6. [PubMed:2708944 ]
- Koistinen VM (2019). Effects of Food Processing and Gut Microbial Metabolism on Whole Grain Phytochemicals: A Metabolomics Approach. In Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in Health Sciences., no 510 (pp. 26-58). University of Eastern Finland. [ISBN:978-952-61-3088-0 ]
- http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/m-HYDROXYBENZOIC%20ACID.htm [Link]
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