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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-13 07:14:09 UTC
Update Date2021-10-13 04:42:32 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0003920
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB03920
Metabolite Identification
Common NameProtopine
DescriptionProtopine, also known as corydinine or fumarine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as protopine alkaloids. These are alkaloids with a structure based on a tricyclic protopine formed by oxidative ring fission of protoberberine N-metho salts. Protopine has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as anatidaes (Anatidae), chickens (Gallus gallus), and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). This could make protopine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Protopine is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Protopine.
Structure
Data?1594319783
Synonyms
ValueSource
4,6,7,14-Tetrahydro-5-methyl-bis(1,3)benzodioxolo(4,5-c-5',6'-g)azecin-13(5H)-oneChEBI
7-Methyl-6,8,9,16-tetrahydrobis[1,3]benzodioxolo[4,5-c:5',6'-g]azecin-15(7H)-oneChEBI
CorydinineChEBI
FumarineChEBI
MacleyineChEBI
BiflorineHMDB
HypercorineHMDB
ProtopinHMDB
Protopine mesylateMeSH, HMDB
Protopine hydrochlorideMeSH, HMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H19NO5
Average Molecular Weight353.3686
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight353.126322723
IUPAC Name15-methyl-7,9,19,21-tetraoxa-15-azapentacyclo[15.7.0.0⁴,¹².0⁶,¹⁰.0¹⁸,²²]tetracosa-1(17),4(12),5,10,18(22),23-hexaen-3-one
Traditional Nameprotopine
CAS Registry Number130-86-9
SMILES
CN1CCC2=C(C=C3OCOC3=C2)C(=O)CC2=C(C1)C1=C(OCO1)C=C2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H19NO5/c1-21-5-4-13-7-18-19(25-10-24-18)8-14(13)16(22)6-12-2-3-17-20(15(12)9-21)26-11-23-17/h2-3,7-8H,4-6,9-11H2,1H3
InChI KeyGPTFURBXHJWNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as protopine alkaloids. These are alkaloids with a structure based on a tricyclic protopine formed by oxidative ring fission of protoberberine N-metho salts.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassAlkaloids and derivatives
ClassProtopine alkaloids
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentProtopine alkaloids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Protopine skeleton
  • Benzodioxole
  • Aryl ketone
  • Aryl alkyl ketone
  • Aralkylamine
  • Benzenoid
  • Ketone
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Acetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point208 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.82 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.2 g/LALOGPS
logP1.95ALOGPS
logP2.59ChemAxon
logS-3.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.82ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.95ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area57.23 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity94.57 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability36.68 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+183.34131661259
DarkChem[M-H]-182.09131661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+183.55730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-181.13730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-215.57630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+191.78430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+183.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+179.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+186.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+186.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-188.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-188.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-187.832859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.4.77 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202210.798 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20223.34 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid56.5 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1421.7 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid220.4 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid159.6 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid183.3 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid69.9 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid340.2 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid449.3 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)591.3 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid802.6 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid343.1 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1262.9 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid267.0 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid273.2 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate470.5 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA379.4 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water128.0 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ProtopineCN1CCC2=C(C=C3OCOC3=C2)C(=O)CC2=C(C1)C1=C(OCO1)C=C24343.4Standard polar33892256
ProtopineCN1CCC2=C(C=C3OCOC3=C2)C(=O)CC2=C(C1)C1=C(OCO1)C=C22758.5Standard non polar33892256
ProtopineCN1CCC2=C(C=C3OCOC3=C2)C(=O)CC2=C(C1)C1=C(OCO1)C=C23013.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023249
KNApSAcK IDC00001906
Chemspider ID4799
KEGG Compound IDC05189
BioCyc IDPROTOPINE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkProtopine
METLIN ID6988
PubChem Compound4970
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16415
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1836891
References
Synthesis ReferenceRueffer, M.; Zenk, M. H. Enzymatic formation of protopines by a microsomal cytochrome P-450 system of Corydalis vaginans. Tetrahedron Letters (1987), 28(44), 5307-10.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Paul LD, Maurer HH: Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the Eschscholtzia californica alkaloids californine and protopine in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jun 5;789(1):43-57. [PubMed:12726842 ]
  2. Wynne PM, Vine JH, Amiet RG: Protopine alkaloids in horse urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Nov 5;811(1):85-91. [PubMed:15458726 ]
  3. Jiang B, Cao K, Wang R: Inhibitory effect of protopine on K(ATP) channel subunits expressed in HEK-293 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Dec 15;506(2):93-100. [PubMed:15588728 ]