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Showing metabocard for Imidazolone (HMDB0004363)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-13 17:34:38 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:17:01 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0004363
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB04363
Metabolite Identification
Common NameImidazolone
DescriptionImidazolone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. In humans, imidazolone is involved in the histidine metabolism pathway. Imidazolone has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as anatidaes (Anatidae), chickens (Gallus gallus), and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). This could make imidazolone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Imidazolone is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Imidazolone.
Structure
Data?1676999821
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)


  Mrv0541 02231219562D          

  6  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   20.8327  -11.6448    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.3807  -11.8747    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9682  -10.6052    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.7932  -10.6052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   20.0481  -11.3898    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.7133  -11.3898    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  5  2  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)

HMDB0004363
     RDKit          3D
Imidazolone
 10 10  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.3791    1.8008   -0.0124 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6188    0.8058   -0.0077 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9781   -0.6346   -0.0775 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2818   -1.3269   -0.0358 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2703   -0.5037    0.0452 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8111    0.8420    0.0687 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5678   -0.9610    0.8124 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5158   -0.8503   -1.0089 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2935   -0.8494    0.0868 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4028    1.6773    0.1293 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  2  1  0
  3  7  1  0
  3  8  1  0
  5  9  1  0
  6 10  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)


  Mrv0541 02231219562D          

  6  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   20.8327  -11.6448    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.3807  -11.8747    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9682  -10.6052    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.7932  -10.6052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   20.0481  -11.3898    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.7133  -11.3898    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  5  2  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0004363

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
O=C1CN=CN1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C3H4N2O/c6-3-1-4-2-5-3/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5,6)

> <INCHI_KEY>
CAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C3H4N2O

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
84.0767

> <EXACT_MASS>
84.03236276

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
7.336750358876188

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-one

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.95

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-1.1527121286666664

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.06

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
15.31757351588761

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
13.394171039548826

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
5.1212465449545

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
41.46

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
19.936

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.31e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
imidazol-4-one

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)

HMDB0004363
     RDKit          3D
Imidazolone
 10 10  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.3791    1.8008   -0.0124 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6188    0.8058   -0.0077 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9781   -0.6346   -0.0775 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2818   -1.3269   -0.0358 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2703   -0.5037    0.0452 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8111    0.8420    0.0687 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5678   -0.9610    0.8124 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5158   -0.8503   -1.0089 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2935   -0.8494    0.0868 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4028    1.6773    0.1293 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  2  1  0
  3  7  1  0
  3  8  1  0
  5  9  1  0
  6 10  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 23-FEB-12   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   23-FEB-12         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0      38.888 -21.737   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  N   UNK     0      36.177 -22.166   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    3  N   UNK     0      35.407 -19.796   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      36.947 -19.796   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      37.423 -21.261   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      34.931 -21.261   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    5                                                            
CONECT    2    5    6                                                       
CONECT    3    4    6                                                       
CONECT    4    3    5                                                       
CONECT    5    1    2    4                                                  
CONECT    6    2    3                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    6    0   12    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)

COMPND    HMDB0004363
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1      -1.379   1.801  -0.012  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -0.619   0.806  -0.008  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1      -0.978  -0.635  -0.077  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  N1  UNL     1       0.282  -1.327  -0.036  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1       1.270  -0.504   0.045  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  N2  UNL     1       0.811   0.842   0.069  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    7  H1  UNL     1      -1.568  -0.961   0.812  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H2  UNL     1      -1.516  -0.850  -1.009  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H3  UNL     1       2.294  -0.849   0.087  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H4  UNL     1       1.403   1.677   0.129  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2
CONECT    2    3    6
CONECT    3    4    7    8
CONECT    4    5    5
CONECT    5    6    9
CONECT    6   10
END
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SMILES for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)

O=C1CN=CN1
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INCHI for HMDB0004363 (Imidazolone)

InChI=1S/C3H4N2O/c6-3-1-4-2-5-3/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5,6)
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
4-ImidazoloneChEBI
Imidazol-4-oneChEBI
ImidazoloneChEBI
1-Imidazolin-5-oneHMDB
1H-Imidazol-5(4H)-oneHMDB
2-Imidazolin-4-oneHMDB
2-Imidazolin-5-oneHMDB
3,5-Dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-oneHMDB
Chemical FormulaC3H4N2O
Average Molecular Weight84.0767
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight84.03236276
IUPAC Name4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-one
Traditional Nameimidazol-4-one
CAS Registry Number1968-28-1
SMILES
O=C1CN=CN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C3H4N2O/c6-3-1-4-2-5-3/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5,6)
InChI KeyCAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Imidazolinone
  • 2-imidazoline
  • Amidine
  • Carboxylic acid amidine
  • Carboximidamide
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility73.1 g/LALOGPS
logP-2ALOGPS
logP-1.2ChemAxon
logS-0.06ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.39ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)5.12ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area41.46 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity19.94 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability7.34 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+115.60831661259
DarkChem[M-H]-108.12331661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+118.74730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-116.7130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-152.39830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+126.94530932474
AllCCS[M+H]+118.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+113.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+123.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+124.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-114.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-118.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-122.732859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ImidazoloneO=C1CN=CN11844.5Standard polar33892256
ImidazoloneO=C1CN=CN1957.6Standard non polar33892256
ImidazoloneO=C1CN=CN11077.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Imidazolone,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NCC1=O1283.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Imidazolone,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NCC1=O1281.9Standard non polar33892256
Imidazolone,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NCC1=O1868.6Standard polar33892256
Imidazolone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NCC1=O1480.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Imidazolone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NCC1=O1542.9Standard non polar33892256
Imidazolone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NCC1=O2139.1Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazolone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-053r-9000000000-7ff582f667699121f6292017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazolone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazolone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-28b2d5e3cc99fbd25a4f2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052r-9000000000-25652bf9b13e264f09692017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-054o-9000000000-e0e48cd98fc83dcb7c6e2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-8e9aa8417c6b914b633f2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0536-9000000000-60db44f200f4480e1bc42017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-6e874223080bb38803fa2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-8bc4843c7c9291dee3532021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001l-9000000000-1310ee34552d9e5ed4e02021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-50b088c5fcab7da8dd462021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-feb82d6fb2fa2e11fe132021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-4d71c7e554e5ae6a6c002021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-2ba6de6b8bb692e7410a2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue Locations
  • Neuron
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.04 +/- 0.019 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.035 +/- 0.016 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Kidney disease		 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Kidney disease
  1. Butscheid M, Schafer C, Brenner S, Alscher D, Murdter T, Niwa T, Frischmann M, Pischetsrieder M, Klotz U: Unchanged serum levels of advanced glycation endproducts in patients with liver disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;375(6):401-6. Epub 2007 Jun 15. [PubMed:17571253 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023367
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID490
KEGG Compound IDC06195
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkImidazoline
METLIN ID7054
PubChem Compound504
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28470
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Zhang X, Frischmann M, Kientsch-Engel R, Steinmann K, Stopper H, Niwa T, Pischetsrieder M: Two immunochemical assays to measure advanced glycation end-products in serum from dialysis patients. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(5):503-11. [PubMed:15899672 ]
  2. Ings RM, Gray AJ, Taylor AR, Gordon BH, Breen M, Hiley M, Brownsill R, Marchant N, Richards R, Wallace D, et al.: Disposition, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of 14C-fotemustine in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1990;26(7):838-42. [PubMed:2145908 ]
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