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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-13 21:42:07 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:17:03 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0004586
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0006539
  • HMDB04586
  • HMDB06539
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePerillic acid
DescriptionPerillic acid, also known as perillate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Perillic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.
Structure
Data?1676999823
Synonyms
ValueSource
4-(1-Methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acidChEBI
4-Isopropenylcyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acidChEBI
4-(1-Methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylateGenerator
4-Isopropenylcyclohex-1-enecarboxylateGenerator
PerillateGenerator
4-(2-Propenyl)-1-cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acidHMDB
4-Isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene carboxylic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC10H14O2
Average Molecular Weight166.22
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight166.099379691
IUPAC Name4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameperillic acid
CAS Registry Number7694-45-3
SMILES
CC(=C)C1CCC(=CC1)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H14O2/c1-7(2)8-3-5-9(6-4-8)10(11)12/h5,8H,1,3-4,6H2,2H3,(H,11,12)
InChI KeyCDSMSBUVCWHORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassMonoterpenoids
Direct ParentMenthane monoterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • P-menthane monoterpenoid
  • Monocyclic monoterpenoid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point60 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP1.428Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available124.925http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001265
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.63 g/LALOGPS
logP2.47ALOGPS
logP2.41ChemAxon
logS-2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.99ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity48.2 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability18.13 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+139.49731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-133.3731661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+135.04830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-131.2230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-168.51230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+144.05130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+136.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+132.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+140.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+142.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-138.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-139.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-141.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Perillic acidCC(=C)C1CCC(=CC1)C(O)=O2523.2Standard polar33892256
Perillic acidCC(=C)C1CCC(=CC1)C(O)=O1324.9Standard non polar33892256
Perillic acidCC(=C)C1CCC(=CC1)C(O)=O1466.1Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Perillic acid,1TMS,isomer #1C=C(C)C1CC=C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CC11499.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Perillic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1C=C(C)C1CC=C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC11719.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Perillic acid GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-05di-5910000000-bd8e6a99a4d3b55c9c032014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Perillic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-05di-5910000000-bd8e6a99a4d3b55c9c032017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Perillic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01c3-9400000000-e30b212c252a489b1c8e2017-07-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Perillic acid GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-9520000000-332aa96c8aa0d2aeaa6e2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Perillic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-024i-3900000000-16e917430a8c841892fe2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-00ou-9100000000-68409596298e7b6acef32012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-024i-3900000000-16e917430a8c841892fe2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9300000000-d7b3cfdc7e8d493dd44c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9400000000-9c643ffb36f6610feaf22017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9400000000-8ccd2f8c0492b0e9ee032017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-0ebacf3cff2e0c00ef112017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00xr-3900000000-7e99a34da9f2f609046d2017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0uxr-9100000000-0d037a2e706cc01ac7222017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-64c170dab26143a9232f2017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00xr-0900000000-e177ee19741567205f442017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-4900000000-c2703d191f77cac3113c2017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014l-4900000000-1573b97140969b3484d32021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002f-9400000000-96087ab5a6507e90b0242021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002f-9100000000-f029f29fe7fce219e4ee2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-349584a3f625d5b5807f2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01b9-0900000000-0fa4b2ff935b571f25b92021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Perillic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-05r3-9400000000-afb4a1702515ac4773822021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableNormal
      Not Available
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified6.02 (0.24-68.63) uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Breast cancer
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Zhang Z, Chen H, Chan KK, Budd T, Ganapathi R: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of perillyl alcohol and metabolites in plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 May 14;728(1):85-95. [PubMed:10379660 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Koike S, Bundo M, Iwamoto K, Suga M, Kuwabara H, Ohashi Y, Shinoda K, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Satomura Y, Nagai T, Natsubori T, Tada M, Yamasue H, Kasai K: A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 8;4:e379. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.19. [PubMed:24713860 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB013215
KNApSAcK IDC00010870
Chemspider ID1218
KEGG Compound IDC11924
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID2266070
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound1256
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID36999
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDPERACD
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceSemmler, F. W.; Zaar, B. Constituents of Ethereal Oils. Constitution of Perillaldehyde, C10H14O. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (1911), 44 52-7.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Ripple GH, Gould MN, Arzoomanian RZ, Alberti D, Feierabend C, Simon K, Binger K, Tutsch KD, Pomplun M, Wahamaki A, Marnocha R, Wilding G, Bailey HH: Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of perillyl alcohol administered four times a day. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Feb;6(2):390-6. [PubMed:10690515 ]
  2. Hudes GR, Szarka CE, Adams A, Ranganathan S, McCauley RA, Weiner LM, Langer CJ, Litwin S, Yeslow G, Halberr T, Qian M, Gallo JM: Phase I pharmacokinetic trial of perillyl alcohol (NSC 641066) in patients with refractory solid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Aug;6(8):3071-80. [PubMed:10955786 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma-butyrobetaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction.
Gene Name:
ALDH9A1
Uniprot ID:
P49189
Molecular weight:
56291.485
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism.
Gene Name:
ALDH7A1
Uniprot ID:
P49419
Molecular weight:
58486.74
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early eye development and also in the development of the olfactory system (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ALDH1A3
Uniprot ID:
P47895
Molecular weight:
56107.995
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ALDH2
Uniprot ID:
P05091
Molecular weight:
56380.93
Reactions
Perillyl aldehyde + Water + NAD → Perillic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to fatty acids. Active on a variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length. Responsible for conversion of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) degradation product hexadecenal to hexadecenoic acid.
Gene Name:
ALDH3A2
Uniprot ID:
P51648
Molecular weight:
54847.36
Reactions
Perillyl aldehyde + Water + NAD → Perillic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation.
Gene Name:
ALDH1B1
Uniprot ID:
P30837
Molecular weight:
57248.96
Reactions
Perillyl aldehyde + Water + NAD → Perillic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails