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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2009-04-06 16:19:54 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:17:40 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0012141
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB12141
Metabolite Identification
Common Name(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate
Description(R) 2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is an intermediate in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. The pathway of valine biosynthesis is a four-step pathway that shares all of its steps with the parallel pathway of isoleucine biosynthesis. These entwined pathways are part of the superpathway of leucine, valine, and isoleucine biosynthesis , that generates not only isoleucine and valine, but also leucine. (R) 2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is generated from 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid via the enzyme ketol-acid reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.86) then it is converted to 2-Oxoisovalerate via the dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.9).
Structure
Data?1676999860
Synonyms
ValueSource
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovaleric acidChEBI
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoateKegg
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acidGenerator
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoateHMDB
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acidHMDB
(R)-(-)-alpha,beta-Dihydroxyisovaleric acidHMDB
(R)-(-)-α,β-Dihydroxyisovaleric acidHMDB
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H10O4
Average Molecular Weight134.1305
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight134.057908808
IUPAC Name(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid
Traditional Name(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-isovalerate
CAS Registry Number19451-56-0
SMILES
CC(C)(O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H10O4/c1-5(2,9)3(6)4(7)8/h3,6,9H,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t3-/m0/s1
InChI KeyJTEYKUFKXGDTEU-VKHMYHEASA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentHydroxy fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Branched fatty acid
  • Methyl-branched fatty acid
  • Short-chain hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Monosaccharide
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • 1,2-diol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Metastatic melanoma
  1. Frankel AE, Coughlin LA, Kim J, Froehlich TW, Xie Y, Frenkel EP, Koh AY: Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing and Unbiased Metabolomic Profiling Identify Specific Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Associated with Immune Checkpoint Therapy Efficacy in Melanoma Patients. Neoplasia. 2017 Oct;19(10):848-855. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Sep 15. [PubMed:28923537 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Missing teeth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency
  1. Peters H, Ferdinandusse S, Ruiter JP, Wanders RJ, Boneh A, Pitt J: Metabolite studies in HIBCH and ECHS1 defects: Implications for screening. Mol Genet Metab. 2015 Aug;115(4):168-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 24. [PubMed:26163321 ]
3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-coa hydrolase deficiency
  1. Peters H, Ferdinandusse S, Ruiter JP, Wanders RJ, Boneh A, Pitt J: Metabolite studies in HIBCH and ECHS1 defects: Implications for screening. Mol Genet Metab. 2015 Aug;115(4):168-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 24. [PubMed:26163321 ]
Cobalamin A disease
  1. Peters H, Ferdinandusse S, Ruiter JP, Wanders RJ, Boneh A, Pitt J: Metabolite studies in HIBCH and ECHS1 defects: Implications for screening. Mol Genet Metab. 2015 Aug;115(4):168-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 24. [PubMed:26163321 ]
Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type
  1. Peters H, Ferdinandusse S, Ruiter JP, Wanders RJ, Boneh A, Pitt J: Metabolite studies in HIBCH and ECHS1 defects: Implications for screening. Mol Genet Metab. 2015 Aug;115(4):168-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 24. [PubMed:26163321 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 250620 (3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-coa hydrolase deficiency)
  • 277400 (Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB028799
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID389255
KEGG Compound IDC04272
BioCyc IDCPD-13357
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound440279
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15684
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH ID23DHMB
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.