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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:56 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015316
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15316
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFluoxymesterone
DescriptionFluoxymesterone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. [PubChem]Fluoxymesterone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, fluoxymesterone binds to the androgen receptor. It produces retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; decreases amino acid catabolism and decreased urinary excretion of calcium. The antitumour activity of fluoxymesterone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or production.
Structure
Data?1582753282
Synonyms
ValueSource
11beta,17beta-Dihydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-17alpha-methyl-4-androster-3-oneChEBI
17alpha-Methyl-9alpha-fluoro-11beta-hydroxytesteroneChEBI
9-Fluoro-11beta,17beta-dihydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-oneChEBI
9alpha-Fluoro-11beta-hydroxy-17-methyltestosteroneChEBI
FluoximesteronaChEBI
FluoxymesteronumChEBI
AndroxyKegg
HalotestinKegg
11b,17b-Dihydroxy-9a-fluoro-17a-methyl-4-androster-3-oneGenerator
11Β,17β-dihydroxy-9α-fluoro-17α-methyl-4-androster-3-oneGenerator
17a-Methyl-9a-fluoro-11b-hydroxytesteroneGenerator
17Α-methyl-9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxytesteroneGenerator
9-Fluoro-11b,17b-dihydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-oneGenerator
9-Fluoro-11β,17β-dihydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-oneGenerator
9a-Fluoro-11b-hydroxy-17-methyltestosteroneGenerator
9Α-fluoro-11β-hydroxy-17-methyltestosteroneGenerator
AndrofluoreneHMDB
AndrofluoroneHMDB
FluossimesteroneHMDB
FluoximesteroneHMDB
FluoximesteronumHMDB
FluoxymestroneHMDB
FluoximesteronHMDB
Android-FHMDB
Android FHMDB
Atlantis brand OF fluoxymesteroneHMDB
Pharmacia brand OF fluoxymesteroneHMDB
StenoxHMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H29FO3
Average Molecular Weight336.4409
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight336.210072999
IUPAC Name(1R,2S,10S,11S,14S,15S,17S)-1-fluoro-14,17-dihydroxy-2,14,15-trimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadec-6-en-5-one
Traditional Namefluoxymesterone
CAS Registry Number76-43-7
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H29FO3/c1-17-8-6-13(22)10-12(17)4-5-15-14-7-9-19(3,24)18(14,2)11-16(23)20(15,17)21/h10,14-16,23-24H,4-9,11H2,1-3H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-/m0/s1
InChI KeyYLRFCQOZQXIBAB-RBZZARIASA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassAndrostane steroids
Direct ParentAndrogens and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Androgen-skeleton
  • 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • 17-hydroxysteroid
  • 11-hydroxysteroid
  • 11-beta-hydroxysteroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • 9-halo-steroid
  • Halo-steroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Delta-4-steroid
  • Cyclohexenone
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Fluorohydrin
  • Halohydrin
  • Ketone
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alkyl halide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Alkyl fluoride
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point270 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.045 g/LNot Available
LogP2Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.045 g/LALOGPS
logP2.5ALOGPS
logP2.38ChemAxon
logS-3.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.6ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity90.19 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability36.63 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-212.49530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+187.62230932474
AllCCS[M+H]+182.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+179.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+185.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+186.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-187.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-187.532859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-188.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Fluoxymesterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C3870.8Standard polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C2690.6Standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C2648.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Fluoxymesterone,1TMS,isomer #1C[C@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]21C2964.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,1TMS,isomer #2C[C@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@]21C2920.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,1TMS,isomer #3C[C@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]21C2843.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,2TMS,isomer #1C[C@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@]21C2912.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,2TMS,isomer #2C[C@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]21C2832.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,2TMS,isomer #3C[C@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@]21C2779.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,3TMS,isomer #1C[C@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@]21C2776.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,3TMS,isomer #1C[C@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@]21C2902.1Standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,3TMS,isomer #1C[C@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@]21C2836.0Standard polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@]1(C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]21C3208.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@]2(C)O)[C@@H]2CCC3=CC(=O)CC[C@]3(C)[C@@]12F3164.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]12F3099.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@]2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]2CCC3=CC(=O)CC[C@]3(C)[C@@]12F3374.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]12F3294.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]12F3224.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]12F3411.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]12F3593.5Standard non polar33892256
Fluoxymesterone,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]12F3114.7Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0ab9-1934000000-8eb342128d6bf93113192017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00ou-0951400000-91106f5e4565733878fe2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-006x-5951000000-4c37d94fe4ed0b3439412014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014r-0019000000-48934627a15489915ee82016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014r-0289000000-97f81d1c3434cd2ebf782016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-3294000000-6727e66346d908d21d942016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0009000000-8fa1a3bcb20d7e11f56c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00kr-0009000000-e763c698cec90ff489d42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00mo-0596000000-4dd2e6ac91164ea740ce2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kr-0019000000-e06c0ac56f323c20416a2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004u-2594000000-7ce7c92338e0572143832021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05ec-5940000000-063fa6a84fc098f79fca2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0009000000-f77bab0fc5505f2a76bd2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0029000000-47936a6dd33f48e539572021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fluoxymesterone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014r-2239000000-4e814ffc32e746f27d3f2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01185 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01185 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01185
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID6205
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFluoxymesterone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6446
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID5120
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Miner JN, Chang W, Chapman MS, Finn PD, Hong MH, Lopez FJ, Marschke KB, Rosen J, Schrader W, Turner R, van Oeveren A, Viveros H, Zhi L, Negro-Vilar A: An orally active selective androgen receptor modulator is efficacious on bone, muscle, and sex function with reduced impact on prostate. Endocrinology. 2007 Jan;148(1):363-73. Epub 2006 Oct 5. [PubMed:17023534 ]
  2. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  3. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  4. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  5. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in DNA binding
Specific function:
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3
Gene Name:
AR
Uniprot ID:
P10275
Molecular weight:
98987.9
References
  1. Fernandez L, Chirino R, Boada LD, Navarro D, Cabrera N, del Rio I, Diaz-Chico BN: Stanozolol and danazol, unlike natural androgens, interact with the low affinity glucocorticoid-binding sites from male rat liver microsomes. Endocrinology. 1994 Mar;134(3):1401-8. [PubMed:8119180 ]
  2. Kasperk CH, Wergedal JE, Farley JR, Linkhart TA, Turner RT, Baylink DJ: Androgens directly stimulate proliferation of bone cells in vitro. Endocrinology. 1989 Mar;124(3):1576-8. [PubMed:2521824 ]
  3. Smallridge RC, Vigersky R, Glass AR, Griffin JE, White BJ, Eil C: Androgen receptor abnormalities in identical twins with oligospermia. Clinical and biochemical studies. Am J Med. 1984 Dec;77(6):1049-54. [PubMed:6439037 ]
  4. Miner JN, Chang W, Chapman MS, Finn PD, Hong MH, Lopez FJ, Marschke KB, Rosen J, Schrader W, Turner R, van Oeveren A, Viveros H, Zhi L, Negro-Vilar A: An orally active selective androgen receptor modulator is efficacious on bone, muscle, and sex function with reduced impact on prostate. Endocrinology. 2007 Jan;148(1):363-73. Epub 2006 Oct 5. [PubMed:17023534 ]
  5. Kemppainen JA, Langley E, Wong CI, Bobseine K, Kelce WR, Wilson EM: Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: distinct mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and dihydrotestosterone. Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Mar;13(3):440-54. [PubMed:10077001 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1
Gene Name:
ESR1
Uniprot ID:
P03372
Molecular weight:
66215.4
References
  1. Ingle JN, Suman VJ, Mailliard JA, Kugler JW, Krook JE, Michalak JC, Pisansky TM, Wold LE, Donohue JH, Goetz MP, Perez EA: Randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with fluoxymesterone as adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with resected estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial 89-30-52. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Jul;98(2):217-22. Epub 2006 Mar 15. [PubMed:16538529 ]
  2. Sledge GW Jr, Hu P, Falkson G, Tormey D, Abeloff M: Comparison of chemotherapy with chemohormonal therapy as first-line therapy for metastatic, hormone-sensitive breast cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jan;18(2):262-6. [PubMed:10637238 ]
  3. Pearson OH, Manni A, Arafah BM: Antiestrogen treatment of breast cancer: an overview. Cancer Res. 1982 Aug;42(8 Suppl):3424s-3429s. [PubMed:7044524 ]
  4. Perloff M, Norton L, Korzun AH, Wood WC, Carey RW, Gottlieb A, Aust JC, Bank A, Silver RT, Saleh F, Canellos GP, Perry MC, Weiss RB, Holland JF: Postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy of stage II breast carcinoma with or without crossover to a non-cross-resistant regimen: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol. 1996 May;14(5):1589-98. [PubMed:8622076 ]
  5. Swain SM, Steinberg SM, Bagley C, Lippman ME: Tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone versus tamoxifen and danazol in metastatic breast cancer--a randomized study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1988 Sep;12(1):51-7. [PubMed:3058238 ]