Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:43:33 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:20:36 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0031475 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Heptanal |
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Description | Heptanal, also known as enanthal or N-heptaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, heptanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. It is a colourless liquid with a strong fruity odor, which is used as precursor to components in perfumes and lubricants. Heptanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heptanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Heptanal is an aldehydic, citrus, and fat tasting compound. heptanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as corns, tea, and sweet oranges and in a lower concentration in lemons, wild carrots, and carrots. heptanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as horned melons, common beets, dills, red bell peppers, and malus (crab apple). This could make heptanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. The formation of heptanal in the fractional distillation of castor oil was already described in 1878. The large-scale production is based on the pyrolytic cleavage of ricinoleic acid ester (Arkema method) and on the hydroformylation of 1-hexene with rhodium 2-ethylhexanoate as a catalyst upon addition of some 2-ethylhexanoic acid (Oxea method):Heptanal naturally occurs in the essential oils of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), clary sage (Salvia sclarea), lemon (Citrus x limon), bitter orange (Citrus x aurantium), rose (Rosa) and hyacinth (Hyacinthus). Heptanal is a potentially toxic compound. Heptanal has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, uremia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also heptanal has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. The compound has a flash point of 39.5 °C. The explosion range is between 1.1% by volume as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 5.2% by volume as the upper explosion limit. Heptanal or heptanaldehyde is an alkyl aldehyde. Full hydrogenation provides the branched primary alcohol 2-pentylnonan-1-ol, also accessible from the Guerbet reaction from heptanol. A by-product of the given reaction is the unpleasant rancid smelling (Z)-2-pentyl-2-nonenal. Heptanal forms flammable vapor-air mixtures. Heptanal is a flammable, slightly volatile colorless liquid of pervasive fruity to oily-greasy odor, which is miscible with alcohols and practically insoluble in water. Heptanal reacts with benzaldehyde in a Knoevenagel reaction under basic catalysis with high yield and selectivity (> 90%) to alpha-pentylcinnamaldehyde (also called jasmine aldehyde because of the typical jasmine odor), which is mostly used in many fragrances as a cis/trans isomer mixture. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C7H14O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8/h7H,2-6H2,1H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Aldehyde C-7 | ChEBI | Enanthal | ChEBI | Enanthaldehyde | ChEBI | Enanthic aldehyde | ChEBI | Heptaldehyde | ChEBI | Heptanaldehyde | ChEBI | Heptyl aldehyde | ChEBI | Heptylaldehyde | ChEBI | N-C6H13CHO | ChEBI | N-Heptaldehyde | ChEBI | N-Heptanal | ChEBI | N-Heptylaldehyde | ChEBI | Oenanthal | ChEBI | Oenanthaldehyde | ChEBI | Oenanthic aldehyde | ChEBI | Oenanthol | ChEBI | 1-Heptaldehyde | HMDB | 1-Heptanal | HMDB | Aldehyde C7 | HMDB | Enanthole | HMDB | FEMA 2540 | HMDB | Heptan-1-al | HMDB | Oenanthole | HMDB | Heptanal | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C7H14O |
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Average Molecular Weight | 114.1855 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 114.10446507 |
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IUPAC Name | heptanal |
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Traditional Name | heptanal |
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CAS Registry Number | 111-71-7 |
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SMILES | CCCCCCC=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H14O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8/h7H,2-6H2,1H3 |
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InChI Key | FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbonyl compounds |
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Direct Parent | Medium-chain aldehydes |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Medium-chain aldehyde
- Alpha-hydrogen aldehyde
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-183283cb2427145b7678 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-aedf02ade0aa5bd82d71 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-a85809c1e2c6b7471781 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-006x-9000000000-d026c39b0c01ca9d12ee | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-183283cb2427145b7678 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-aedf02ade0aa5bd82d71 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-a85809c1e2c6b7471781 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-006x-9000000000-d026c39b0c01ca9d12ee | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-056u-9000000000-721c1006ed41ad91802f | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Heptanal GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0006-9000000000-781fd8622d3cd4023d6f | 2014-09-20 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-4900000000-66f451ed07dec07dc2bd | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014j-9300000000-f683fbeaae9661c3375f | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-052f-9000000000-62e7748838e417c074ba | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-1900000000-242e518285d8711c88d3 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-4900000000-2b9ed46fa89f52e6874e | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-614ce9045eac88449a8a | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-9000000000-e5c26cac568c7e70be7f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-052f-9000000000-0497fb39284b3eae18e7 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-7f7db6b93b3268b34898 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-87ba7764343ecec4c93f | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-4900000000-baad9901fa250e031cb5 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Heptanal 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-9000000000-8ffddb005d2cb639ad09 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Disease References | Uremia |
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- Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A: Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1258-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121175. Epub 2012 May 24. [PubMed:22626821 ]
| Ulcerative colitis |
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- Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17314143 ]
- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
| Crohn's disease |
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- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello Bde L, Ratcliffe NM, Probert CS: An investigation of fecal volatile organic metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058204. Epub 2013 Mar 13. [PubMed:23516449 ]
- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
| Celiac disease |
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- Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, De Pasquale I, Ndagijimana M, Vernocchi P, Ricciuti P, Gagliardi F, Laghi L, Crecchio C, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Duodenal and faecal microbiota of celiac children: molecular, phenotype and metabolome characterization. BMC Microbiol. 2011 Oct 4;11:219. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-219. [PubMed:21970810 ]
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