Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:43:49 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:20:45 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0031523 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Methyl acetate |
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Description | Methyl acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Methyl acetate is present in apple, grape, banana and other fruits. Methyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient and it is an ester that, in the laboratory, is synthesized from acetic acid and methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid in an esterification reaction. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature. Methyl acetate, also known as acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. Methyl acetate has characteristics very similar to its analog ethyl acetate. Methyl acetate is used as a solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers, in chemical reactions, and for extractions. Methyl acetate is a non-polar (lipophilic) to weakly polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent. Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25% in water at room temperature. At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher. Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or acids. The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-3(4)5-2/h1-2H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Acetate de methyle | ChEBI | Acetic acid methyl ester | ChEBI | AcOMe | ChEBI | CH3CO2CH3 | ChEBI | CH3COOCH3 | ChEBI | Devoton | ChEBI | MeOAc | ChEBI | Methyl ethanoate | ChEBI | Methylacetat | ChEBI | Tereton | ChEBI | Acetic acid de methyle | Generator | Acetate methyl ester | Generator | Methyl ethanoic acid | Generator | Methyl acetic acid | Generator | Acetic acid, methyl ester | HMDB | Acetic acid,methyl ester | HMDB | Ethyl ester OF monoacetic acid | HMDB | FEMA 2676 | HMDB | HSDB 95 | HMDB | METHYL acetATE, 97% | HMDB | Methyl acetic ester | HMDB | Methyl ester OF acetic acid | HMDB | Methyl-acetate | HMDB | Methylacetaat | HMDB | Methyle (acetate de) | HMDB | Methylester kiseliny octove | HMDB | Metile | HMDB | Metile (acetato di) | HMDB | Octan metylu | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C3H6O2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 74.0785 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 74.036779436 |
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IUPAC Name | methyl acetate |
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Traditional Name | methyl acetate |
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CAS Registry Number | 79-20-9 |
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SMILES | COC(C)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-3(4)5-2/h1-2H3 |
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InChI Key | KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl esters. These are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR', where R=H or organyl group and R'=methyl group. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Carboxylic acid derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Methyl esters |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Methyl ester
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | -98.7 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 535.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 243 mg/mL at 20 °C | Not Available | LogP | 0.18 | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-4756b467f06f20361e44 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-5159f548daf4863c7b5f | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-8e16bef1c0d338a20817 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-4756b467f06f20361e44 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-5159f548daf4863c7b5f | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-8e16bef1c0d338a20817 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-006x-9000000000-2e654baf975da65a4e69 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0006-9000000000-b1ba1d5d07d16b762fc5 | 2015-03-01 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-b1f6888fe1c824f0554a | 2020-07-21 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-9000000000-b2ff0c2f4a7b9a3ec380 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-9000000000-b923d9ac4ee5f8a0dc11 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-5281419eb66f1a975c16 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-6fa6e544dfea79b0c770 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-bfa93bd1d3be43492276 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-edf31adaab90917da781 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-a18665b48b96b6efae4c | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00dl-9000000000-c017bec70f7f1f943e1c | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-38f5194f74dd1669b1f7 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-6ec74bc1ba5c32a6e9ad | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-0825639de956c4933754 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl acetate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-87bbaed151efac084591 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-30 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-04 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-04 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progressor | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | autism | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Crohns disease | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative colitis | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
| Autism |
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- De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
| Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified |
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- De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
| Crohn's disease |
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- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
| Ulcerative colitis |
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- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB008125 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00048479 |
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Chemspider ID | 6335 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C17530 |
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BioCyc ID | METHYL-ACETATE |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Methyl_acetate |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 6584 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 77700 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | rw1502751 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Yoshida T, Yoshida J: Simultaneous analytical method for urinary metabolites of organophosphorus compounds and moth repellents in general population. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012 Jan 1;880(1):66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.018. Epub 2011 Nov 18. [PubMed:22130501 ]
- Lu C, Lin MR, Wey I: Removal of acetone and methylacetate mixtures from waste gases by a trickle-bed air biofilter. Environ Technol. 2002 Mar;23(3):243-52. [PubMed:11999986 ]
- Frank N, Caesar R, Scherf HR, Wiessler M: Influence of the carboxylesterase inhibitor bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate on the rates of hydrolysis of various alpha-esters of 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methanol in vitro and in vivo and on the acute toxicity and carcinogenicity of 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methylacetate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1986;111(2):98-102. [PubMed:3700465 ]
- Blom T, Ojanotko-Harri A, Laine M, Huhtaniemi I: Metabolism of progesterone and testosterone in human parotid and submandibular salivary glands in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;44(1):69-76. [PubMed:8424895 ]
- Chang KC, Koo EB, Lee GW, Kang YJ, Lee HY: Comparison of relaxations evoked by photoactivation of NO-containing compounds and nitrergic nerve stimulation in 5-hydroxytryptamine- and potassium-contracted rat gastric fundus. Gen Pharmacol. 1998 Apr;30(4):585-91. [PubMed:9522180 ]
- Chiu AT, Duncia JV, McCall DE, Wong PC, Price WA Jr, Thoolen MJ, Carini DJ, Johnson AL, Timmermans PB: Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. III. Structure-function studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Sep;250(3):867-74. [PubMed:2778716 ]
- Lu C, Lin MR, Lin J: Treatment of methylacetate waste gas using a trickle-bed air biofilter. Waste Manag. 2001;21(6):489-98. [PubMed:11478616 ]
- Aleksandrov SL, Antonov VK: [Quantum chemistry analysis of the mechanism of action of proteolytic enzymes. II. Nucleophilic attack]. Mol Biol (Mosk). 1984 Nov-Dec;18(6):1576-82. [PubMed:6097813 ]
- Navas PB: [Chemical composition of the virgin oil obtained by mechanical pressing form several grape seed varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) with emphasis on minor constituents]. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2009 Jun;59(2):214-9. [PubMed:19719020 ]
- Defoer N, Van Langenhove H: Variability and repeatability of olfactometric results of n-butanol, pig odour and a synthetic gas mixture. Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(4):65-73. [PubMed:15484744 ]
- Caesar R, Frank N, Wiessler M: Stability of various alpha-esters of 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methanol in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis. 1984 Oct;5(10):1231-4. [PubMed:6548422 ]
- Qiu F, Taylor AW, Men S, Villar-Garcia IJ, Licence P: An ultra high vacuum-spectroelectrochemical study of the dissolution of copper in the ionic liquid (N-methylacetate)-4-picolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Feb 28;12(8):1982-90. doi: 10.1039/b924985k. Epub 2010 Jan 26. [PubMed:20145868 ]
- Stamato FM, Longo E, Ferreira R, Tapia O: The catalytic mechanism of serine proteases. III. An Indo-ISCRF study of the methylacetate docking in alpha-chymotrypsin. J Theor Biol. 1986 Jan 7;118(1):45-59. [PubMed:3754607 ]
- Naidoo S, Timiras PS: Effects of age on the metabolism of thyroid hormones by rat brain tissue in vitro. Dev Neurosci. 1979;2(5):213-24. [PubMed:535533 ]
- Kim KH, Kim Y: Theoretical studies for Lewis acid-base interactions and C-H...O weak hydrogen bonding in various CO2 complexes. J Phys Chem A. 2008 Feb 21;112(7):1596-603. doi: 10.1021/jp709648q. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed:18220375 ]
- Heitmann D, Lissel M, Kempken R, Muthing J: Replacement of chloroform throughout glycosphingolipid isolation. Biomed Chromatogr. 1996 Sep-Oct;10(5):245-50. [PubMed:8879533 ]
- Agudoawu SA, Yiu SH, Wallace JL, Knaus EE: Synthesis and analgesic activity of 2-methyl-2-[1-(3-benzoyl-4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridyl)]acetic acid methyl esters, acetic acids, and acetamides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1999 Jun;332(6):213-8. [PubMed:10399491 ]
- Mittal S, Malde A, Selvam C, Arun KH, Johar PS, Jachak SM, Ramarao P, Bharatam PV, Chawla HP: Synthesis and evaluation of S-4-(3-thienyl)phenyl-alpha-methylacetic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Feb 23;14(4):979-82. [PubMed:15013005 ]
- Diekmann HW: Quantitative determination of praziquantel in body fluids by gas liquid chromatography. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1979;4(3):139-41. [PubMed:527598 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
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