| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:45:27 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:53:07 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0031786 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Rhodamine B |
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| Description | Rhodamine B (RhB), also known as rhodamine 610 chloride (CAS: 81-88-9), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings joined to each other by a pyran ring. Rhodamine B is a highly-soluble, basic, red, synthetic dye that is widely used in many industries (e.g. paper, plastic, textiles, ceramics, cosmetics). In the past, it was used extensively as a low-cost food colourant (e.g. in paprika- and chilli-containing foods) but it has since been prohibited for use as a food additive due to its carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity (PMID: 30463493 ). Due to its photostability and solubility, rhodamine B is also used as a fluorescent dye to stain biological tissues (PMID: 28957318 ). |
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| Structure | CCN(CC)C1=CC2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC=C3C(=C2C=C1)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C(O)=O)N(CC)CC InChI=1S/C28H30N2O3/c1-5-29(6-2)19-13-15-23-25(17-19)33-26-18-20(30(7-3)8-4)14-16-24(26)27(23)21-11-9-10-12-22(21)28(31)32/h9-18H,5-8H2,1-4H3/p+1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| N-[9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium | ChEBI | | Rhodamine b cation | ChEBI | | 81-88-9 (CHLORIDE) | HMDB | | 9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)-xanthylium | HMDB | | 9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthylium | HMDB | | 9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthylium(1+), 9ci | HMDB | | Basazol red 71P | HMDB | | Basic rose red | HMDB | | Basic violet 10 | HMDB | | C.I. 45170 | HMDB | | C.I. basic violet 10 | HMDB | | C.I. FOOD red 15 | HMDB | | C.I. solvent red 49 | HMDB | | Calcozine red BX | HMDB | | Calcozine rhodamine BXP | HMDB | | Cerise toner X 1127 | HMDB | | D And C red 19 | HMDB | | Eriosin rhodamine b | HMDB | | FOOD Red 15 | HMDB | | N-[9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium(1+), 9ci | HMDB | | Pilot 578 | HMDB | | Rhodamine | HMDB | | Rhodamine 610 | HMDB | | Rhodamine b monocation | HMDB | | Rhodamine b(1+) | HMDB | | Rhodamine lake red b | HMDB | | Tetraethylrhodamine | HMDB | | Rhodamines | HMDB | | Rhodamine b | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C28H31N2O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 443.5573 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 443.233467868 |
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| IUPAC Name | 9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-N,N-diethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium |
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| Traditional Name | rhodamine B(1+) |
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| CAS Registry Number | 64381-98-2 |
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| SMILES | CCN(CC)C1=CC2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC=C3C(=C2C=C1)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C(O)=O)N(CC)CC |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C28H30N2O3/c1-5-29(6-2)19-13-15-23-25(17-19)33-26-18-20(30(7-3)8-4)14-16-24(26)27(23)21-11-9-10-12-22(21)28(31)32/h9-18H,5-8H2,1-4H3/p+1 |
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| InChI Key | CVAVMIODJQHEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-O |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings joined to each other by a pyran ring. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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| Class | Benzopyrans |
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| Sub Class | 1-benzopyrans |
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| Direct Parent | Xanthenes |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Xanthene
- Benzoic acid or derivatives
- Benzoic acid
- Benzoyl
- Tertiary aliphatic/aromatic amine
- Dialkylarylamine
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Amino acid
- Tertiary amine
- Oxacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Amine
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic cation
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Not Available |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 6.95 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 20.9719 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 1.91 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 32.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 3002.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 483.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 270.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 240.3 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 258.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 758.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 786.4 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 86.7 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1840.0 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 719.5 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1684.5 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 605.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 518.9 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 243.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 241.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 8.8 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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| General References | - Wang M, Nie X, Tian L, Hu J, Yin D, Qiao H, Li T, Li Y: Rhodamine B in spices determined by a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 2019 Mar;12(1):59-64. doi: 10.1080/19393210.2018.1548504. Epub 2018 Nov 21. [PubMed:30463493 ]
- Johnson BJ, Mitchell SN, Paton CJ, Stevenson J, Staunton KM, Snoad N, Beebe N, White BJ, Ritchie SA: Use of rhodamine B to mark the body and seminal fluid of male Aedes aegypti for mark-release-recapture experiments and estimating efficacy of sterile male releases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Sep 28;11(9):e0005902. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005902. eCollection 2017 Sep. [PubMed:28957318 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
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