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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:47:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:53:14 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0032087
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB32087
Metabolite Identification
Common Name5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione
Description5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione.
Structure
Data?1563862216
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC31H60O3
Average Molecular Weight480.8063
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight480.454245786
IUPAC Name5-hydroxyhentriacontane-14,16-dione
Traditional Name5-hydroxyhentriacontane-14,16-dione
CAS Registry Number38971-64-1
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C31H60O3/c1-3-5-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-19-22-26-30(33)28-31(34)27-23-20-17-16-18-21-25-29(32)24-6-4-2/h29,32H,3-28H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyBQZSEOUERJHFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty alcohols
Direct ParentFatty alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Fatty alcohol
  • 1,3-diketone
  • 1,3-dicarbonyl compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility3.2e-05 g/LALOGPS
logP9.29ALOGPS
logP11.01ChemAxon
logS-7.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.81ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count28ChemAxon
Refractivity147.44 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability65.67 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+225.01730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-222.46730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-256.29630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+231.64930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+242.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+241.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+244.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+244.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-220.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-224.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-229.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedioneCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC3880.6Standard polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedioneCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC3581.1Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedioneCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC3612.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3630.8Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3715.1Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3643.6Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3645.6Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3715.2Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3691.4Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3511.3Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3667.7Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3515.4Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3669.3Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3515.5Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3690.9Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3511.3Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3728.6Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3568.1Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3722.9Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3546.7Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3728.0Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3568.5Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3735.2Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3533.3Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3720.0Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3470.2Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3734.9Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3533.7Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3909.8Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3983.6Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3909.8Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3910.9Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3983.4Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4238.8Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3748.6Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4213.9Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3762.1Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4213.6Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3762.2Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4238.9Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3748.6Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4263.4Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3814.8Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4173.0Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3773.0Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4263.3Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3814.7Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4550.2Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3885.7Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4442.9Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3831.5Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4550.2Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3885.3Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0019-7590300000-259136ea5118cd3ed5f62017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-053j-4591130000-69c9939b76adea333a1c2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03e9-0030900000-fd2344275b15b53856512016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-08gs-2491200000-38eae2bff593c7dbe0ab2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0297-5941000000-9232990abb57b2a56a9d2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0020900000-3738966c3ab5c2c8ddc32016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01t9-0090400000-d427e1be2aca0f69cbca2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pbc-9160100000-44247a1c0d43121359452016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03ea-1000900000-01123dfaecb87b3c760a2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01ot-3011900000-dd7de1a5b546ed585ad72021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9211000000-bebd8915734c1ed342d42021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01t9-0000900000-d0354295d82b4f6b02672021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03fr-0030900000-37f594f081d80c974eb22021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxy-14,16-hentriacontanedione 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0600-5396400000-b58d417f2743d55e16262021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB008803
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID35013435
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound85803355
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.