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Showing metabocard for (S)-alpha-Phellandrene (HMDB0034970)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 19:54:18 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:54:18 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0034970
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB34970
Metabolite Identification
Common Name(S)-alpha-Phellandrene
Description(S)-alpha-Phellandrene is found in ceylan cinnamon. (S)-alpha-Phellandrene is a flavouring agent. (S)-alpha-Phellandrene is a constituent of many essential oils including bitter fennel, elemi and ginger-grass oils. Oil of Ridolfia segetum is a major source (85%).Phellandrene is the name for a pair of organic compounds that have a similar molecular structure and similar chemical properties. alpha-Phellandrene and beta-phellandrene are cyclic monoterpenes and are double-bond isomers. The phellandrenes are used in fragrances because of their pleasing aromas. (Wikipedia
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

  Mrv1652303202019012D          

 11 11  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -1.6500    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289   -1.6500    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289   -0.8250    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  2  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  1  8  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  8 10  1  0  0  0  0
  1 11  1  6  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

HMDB0034970
     RDKit          3D
(S)-alpha-Phellandrene
 26 26  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.6573    0.1011    0.7703 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2226   -0.0760    0.3615 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4137   -0.6212    1.2281 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0137   -0.8654    0.9913 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4623   -0.4458   -0.3574 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6859    0.4591   -0.1779 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7448   -0.3595    0.5297 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1741    0.9962   -1.4865 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5232    0.1534   -1.2454 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7863    0.3497   -0.9637 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1123   -0.9020    0.8007 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6750    0.5490    1.7840 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1753    0.8058    0.0966 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8758   -0.9064    2.2005 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2676   -1.9497    1.2070 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5707   -0.2324    1.7667 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8620   -1.3985   -0.8629 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4157    1.3117    0.4785 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6715   -0.1964    1.6290 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7694   -0.0470    0.2011 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6279   -1.4439    0.3516 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1745    0.2075   -2.2715 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1889    1.4149   -1.3244 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5226    1.8229   -1.8280 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2064    0.4775   -2.2432 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5036    0.7955   -1.6356 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  5  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10  2  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  4 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  5 17  1  6
  6 18  1  0
  7 19  1  0
  7 20  1  0
  7 21  1  0
  8 22  1  0
  8 23  1  0
  8 24  1  0
  9 25  1  0
 10 26  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

  Mrv1652303202019012D          

 11 11  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -1.6500    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289   -1.6500    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289   -0.8250    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  2  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  1  8  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  8 10  1  0  0  0  0
  1 11  1  6  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0034970

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
[H][C@]1(CC=C(C)C=C1)C(C)C

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4-6,8,10H,7H2,1-3H3/t10-/m0/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
OGLDWXZKYODSOB-JTQLQIEISA-N

> <FORMULA>
C10H16

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
136.234

> <EXACT_MASS>
136.125200512

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
26

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
17.14151306789934

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(5S)-2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
4.29

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
3.2055368060000005

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-3.01

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
0.0

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
47.8194

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.33e-01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
(+)-α-phellandrene

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

HMDB0034970
     RDKit          3D
(S)-alpha-Phellandrene
 26 26  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.6573    0.1011    0.7703 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2226   -0.0760    0.3615 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4137   -0.6212    1.2281 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0137   -0.8654    0.9913 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4623   -0.4458   -0.3574 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6859    0.4591   -0.1779 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7448   -0.3595    0.5297 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1741    0.9962   -1.4865 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5232    0.1534   -1.2454 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7863    0.3497   -0.9637 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1123   -0.9020    0.8007 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6750    0.5490    1.7840 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1753    0.8058    0.0966 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8758   -0.9064    2.2005 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2676   -1.9497    1.2070 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5707   -0.2324    1.7667 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8620   -1.3985   -0.8629 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4157    1.3117    0.4785 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6715   -0.1964    1.6290 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7694   -0.0470    0.2011 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6279   -1.4439    0.3516 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1745    0.2075   -2.2715 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1889    1.4149   -1.3244 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5226    1.8229   -1.8280 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2064    0.4775   -2.2432 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5036    0.7955   -1.6356 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  5  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10  2  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  4 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  5 17  1  6
  6 18  1  0
  7 19  1  0
  7 20  1  0
  7 21  1  0
  8 22  1  0
  8 23  1  0
  8 24  1  0
  9 25  1  0
 10 26  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 20-MAR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   20-MAR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       2.667   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       2.667   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       1.334   3.850   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       0.000   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0       1.334  -2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0       0.000  -3.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0       2.667  -3.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  H   UNK     0       2.667  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
CONECT    1    2    7    8   11                                             
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4                                                       
CONECT    4    3    5    6                                                  
CONECT    5    4                                                            
CONECT    6    4    7                                                       
CONECT    7    6    1                                                       
CONECT    8    1    9   10                                                  
CONECT    9    8                                                            
CONECT   10    8                                                            
CONECT   11    1                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   11    0   22    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

COMPND    HMDB0034970
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       3.657   0.101   0.770  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       2.223  -0.076   0.361  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1       1.414  -0.621   1.228  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1      -0.014  -0.865   0.991  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1      -0.462  -0.446  -0.357  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C6  UNL     1      -1.686   0.459  -0.178  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C7  UNL     1      -2.745  -0.360   0.530  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  C8  UNL     1      -2.174   0.996  -1.487  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C9  UNL     1       0.523   0.153  -1.245  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C10 UNL     1       1.786   0.350  -0.964  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  H1  UNL     1       4.112  -0.902   0.801  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H2  UNL     1       3.675   0.549   1.784  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H3  UNL     1       4.175   0.806   0.097  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H4  UNL     1       1.876  -0.906   2.201  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H5  UNL     1      -0.268  -1.950   1.207  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H6  UNL     1      -0.571  -0.232   1.767  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H7  UNL     1      -0.862  -1.398  -0.863  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H8  UNL     1      -1.416   1.312   0.479  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H9  UNL     1      -2.671  -0.196   1.629  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H10 UNL     1      -3.769  -0.047   0.201  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   21  H11 UNL     1      -2.628  -1.444   0.352  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   22  H12 UNL     1      -2.174   0.208  -2.271  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   23  H13 UNL     1      -3.189   1.415  -1.324  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   24  H14 UNL     1      -1.523   1.823  -1.828  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   25  H15 UNL     1       0.206   0.477  -2.243  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   26  H16 UNL     1       2.504   0.795  -1.636  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   11   12   13
CONECT    2    3    3   10
CONECT    3    4   14
CONECT    4    5   15   16
CONECT    5    6    9   17
CONECT    6    7    8   18
CONECT    7   19   20   21
CONECT    8   22   23   24
CONECT    9   10   10   25
CONECT   10   26
END
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SMILES for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

[H][C@]1(CC=C(C)C=C1)C(C)C
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INCHI for HMDB0034970 ((S)-alpha-Phellandrene)

InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4-6,8,10H,7H2,1-3H3/t10-/m0/s1
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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
(4S)-p-Mentha-1(6),2-dieneChEBI
(5S)-5-Isopropyl-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-dieneChEBI
(S)-(+)-alpha-PhellandreneChEBI
(S)-(+)-a-PhellandreneGenerator
(S)-(+)-Α-phellandreneGenerator
(S)-a-PhellandreneGenerator
(S)-Α-phellandreneGenerator
(+)-alpha-PhellandreneHMDB
(4S)-P-Mentha-1,5-dieneHMDB
(5S)-2-Methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,3-dieneHMDB
D-alpha-PhellandreneHMDB
(+)-a-PhellandreneGenerator
(+)-Α-phellandreneGenerator
Chemical FormulaC10H16
Average Molecular Weight136.234
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight136.125200512
IUPAC Name(5S)-2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene
Traditional Name(+)-α-phellandrene
CAS Registry Number2243-33-6
SMILES
[H][C@]1(CC=C(C)C=C1)C(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4-6,8,10H,7H2,1-3H3/t10-/m0/s1
InChI KeyOGLDWXZKYODSOB-JTQLQIEISA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassMonoterpenoids
Direct ParentMenthane monoterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • P-menthane monoterpenoid
  • Monocyclic monoterpenoid
  • Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
  • Cyclic olefin
  • Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbon
  • Olefin
  • Hydrocarbon
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling Point171.00 to 172.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility2.86 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP4.432 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal		 details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Female
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease		 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  1. Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB013568
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID391432
KEGG Compound IDC11391
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound443160
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID367
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1374391
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.