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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-12 00:04:29 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:55:53 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0038736
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB38736
Metabolite Identification
Common Name(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one
Description(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one.
Structure
Data?1563863248
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC13H22O4
Average Molecular Weight242.3114
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight242.151809192
IUPAC Name(3E)-4-(1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-one
Traditional Name(3E)-4-(1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-one
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(=O)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C13H22O4/c1-9(14)5-6-13(17)11(2,3)7-10(15)8-12(13,4)16/h5-6,10,15-17H,7-8H2,1-4H3/b6-5+
InChI KeyQASOACWKTAXFSE-AATRIKPKSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassSesquiterpenoids
Direct ParentSesquiterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Sesquiterpenoid
  • Megastigmane sesquiterpenoid
  • Cyclofarsesane sesquiterpenoid
  • Ionone derivative
  • Cyclohexanol
  • Cyclitol or derivatives
  • Acryloyl-group
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Enone
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point68 - 69 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility6.46 g/LALOGPS
logP0.58ALOGPS
logP0.18ChemAxon
logS-1.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.88ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area77.76 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity65.69 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability26.24 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+162.95630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-160.59830932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-193.55230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+169.04930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+157.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+153.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+160.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+161.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-160.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-160.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-161.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-oneCC(=O)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O3606.5Standard polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-oneCC(=O)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O1828.8Standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-oneCC(=O)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O1957.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TMS,isomer #1CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O2093.3Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TMS,isomer #2CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O2063.2Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TMS,isomer #3CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C2070.4Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TMS,isomer #4C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C2117.1Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TMS,isomer #1CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O2064.5Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TMS,isomer #2CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C2102.3Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TMS,isomer #3C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C2142.9Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TMS,isomer #4CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C2027.9Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TMS,isomer #5C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C2075.0Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TMS,isomer #6C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2085.1Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TMS,isomer #1CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C2086.8Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TMS,isomer #2C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C2105.6Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TMS,isomer #3C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2136.6Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TMS,isomer #4C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2057.3Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,4TMS,isomer #1C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2121.0Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,4TMS,isomer #1C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2127.8Standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O2345.4Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O2332.9Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2324.1Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,1TBDMS,isomer #4C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2374.3Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O2540.6Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2573.2Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2618.7Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2491.0Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TBDMS,isomer #5C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2566.2Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,2TBDMS,isomer #6C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2563.3Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(=O)/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2741.1Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TBDMS,isomer #2C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2801.9Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2822.3Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,3TBDMS,isomer #4C=C(/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2751.2Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,4TBDMS,isomer #1C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2980.9Semi standard non polar33892256
(3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one,4TBDMS,isomer #1C=C(/C=C/C1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2894.7Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-002e-5930000000-cecf9f3b0925fdb8d5342017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-002f-5115900000-dfb719fbe5ba5faf547a2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004l-0190000000-3c1f704e0fa28ef04ac42016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-2390000000-d89370be9a22de9048fd2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9410000000-eae65e535911e5cd63b62016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0290000000-50f3b4c1aa659fb0dfd92016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-006x-4690000000-035377d8ce4535c9d2ee2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0592-8910000000-142c54cd7d405f1eecaf2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0490000000-fc77103efd0e16d722c32021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-05fr-0900000000-2e20bede7b265f622da82021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-954704a2782d552501332021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05ru-0960000000-14d1dd0add97b1c13dec2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-7930000000-a3755251020ef166a53c2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f6x-9300000000-7188e1c0ae1a49054a332021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB018147
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID31014626
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound51136538
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID168487
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.