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Showing metabocard for 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HMDB0000763)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-05-30 20:56:03 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000763
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00763
Metabolite Identification
Common Name5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Description5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, also known as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetate or 5-HIAA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indole-3-acetic acid derivatives. Indole-3-acetic acid derivatives are compounds containing an acetic acid (or a derivative) linked to the C3 carbon atom of an indole. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is a breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine and it also participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid can be biosynthesized from 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde; which is catalyzed by the mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. In addition, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and S-adenosylmethionine can be converted into 5-methoxyindoleacetate and S-adenosylhomocysteine through its interaction with the enzyme acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid is also involved in the metabolism of tryptophan. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid has been found to be associated with several human diseases such as brunner syndrome, friedreich's ataxia, schizophrenia, and olivopontocerebral atrophy; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Elevated levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine (>20 uM) are indicative of appendicitis and gastroenteritis (PMID: 11462886 ). Serotonin and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors, and levels of these substances may be measured in the urine to test for carcinoid tumors (NCI). 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid has also been found to be a product of human gut microbiota.
Structure
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MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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3D MOL for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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3D SDF for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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3D-SDF for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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PDB for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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3D PDB for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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SMILES for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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INCHI for HMDB0000763 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC10H9NO3
Average Molecular Weight191.1834
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight191.058243159
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional NameNot Available
CAS Registry Number54-16-0
SMILESNot Available
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H9NO3/c12-7-1-2-9-8(4-7)6(5-11-9)3-10(13)14/h1-2,4-5,11-12H,3H2,(H,13,14)
InChI KeyDUUGKQCEGZLZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
ClassificationNot classified
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point161 - 163 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility24 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties
Predicted Molecular PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Liver
  • Neuron
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Spleen
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Schizophrenia
  1. Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. [PubMed:2480613 ]
  2. Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62. [PubMed:7595563 ]
  3. Gattaz WF, Waldmeier P, Beckmann H: CSF monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1982 Nov;66(5):350-60. [PubMed:6184954 ]
Epilepsy
  1. Shaywitz BA, Cohen DJ, Bowers MB: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 1975 Jan;25(1):72-9. [PubMed:803305 ]
Major depressive disorder
  1. Sheline Y, Bardgett ME, Csernansky JG: Correlated reductions in cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Feb;17(1):11-4. [PubMed:9004051 ]
Friedreich's ataxia
  1. Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed:11383938 ]
Olivopontocerebral atrophy
  1. Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed:11383938 ]
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
  1. Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed:11383938 ]
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
  1. Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed:16288991 ]
  2. Abeling NG, van Gennip AH, Barth PG, van Cruchten A, Westra M, Wijburg FA: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: a new case with a mild clinical presentation and unexpected laboratory findings. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1998 Jun;21(3):240-2. [PubMed:9686366 ]
Celiac disease
  1. Hallert C, Astrom J, Sedvall G: Psychic disturbances in adult coeliac disease. III. Reduced central monoamine metabolism and signs of depression. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1982 Jan;17(1):25-8. [PubMed:6182605 ]
  2. Hallert C, Allenmark S, Larsson-Cohn U, Sedvall G: High level of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the cerebrospinal fluid of adult celiac patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Nov;36(5):851-4. [PubMed:6182788 ]
Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency
  1. Ormazabal A, Oppenheim M, Serrano M, Garcia-Cazorla A, Campistol J, Ribes A, Ruiz A, Moreno J, Hyland K, Clayton P, Heales S, Artuch R: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate values in cerebrospinal fluid: reference values and diagnosis of PNPO deficiency in paediatric patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2008 Jun;94(2):173-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Feb 21. [PubMed:18294893 ]
Sepiapterin reductase deficiency
  1. Verbeek MM, Willemsen MA, Wevers RA, Lagerwerf AJ, Abeling NG, Blau N, Thony B, Vargiami E, Zafeiriou DI: Two Greek siblings with sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab. 2008 Aug;94(4):403-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.04.003. Epub 2008 May 27. [PubMed:18502672 ]
Bipolar disorder
  1. Ryden E, Johansson C, Blennow K, Landen M: Lower CSF HVA and 5-HIAA in bipolar disorder type 1 with a history of childhood ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2009 Dec;116(12):1667-74. doi: 10.1007/s00702-009-0300-3. Epub 2009 Sep 12. [PubMed:19756368 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency
  1. Ishida J, Iizuka R, Yamaguchi M: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 5-hydroxyindoles by post-column fluorescence derivatization. Analyst. 1993 Feb;118(2):165-9. [PubMed:7680187 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Nam H, Chung BC, Kim Y, Lee K, Lee D: Combining tissue transcriptomics and urine metabolomics for breast cancer biomarker identification. Bioinformatics. 2009 Dec 1;25(23):3151-7. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp558. Epub 2009 Sep 25. [PubMed:19783829 ]
Metabolic syndrome
  1. Tulipani S, Llorach R, Jauregui O, Lopez-Uriarte P, Garcia-Aloy M, Bullo M, Salas-Salvado J, Andres-Lacueva C: Metabolomics unveils urinary changes in subjects with metabolic syndrome following 12-week nut consumption. J Proteome Res. 2011 Nov 4;10(11):5047-58. doi: 10.1021/pr200514h. Epub 2011 Sep 29. [PubMed:21905751 ]
Dopamine-serotonin Vesicular Transport Defect
  1. Rilstone JJ, Alkhater RA, Minassian BA: Brain dopamine-serotonin vesicular transport disease and its treatment. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 7;368(6):543-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1207281. Epub 2013 Jan 30. [PubMed:23363473 ]
Brunner Syndrome
  1. Brunner HG, Nelen MR, van Zandvoort P, Abeling NG, van Gennip AH, Wolters EC, Kuiper MA, Ropers HH, van Oost BA: X-linked borderline mental retardation with prominent behavioral disturbance: phenotype, genetic localization, and evidence for disturbed monoamine metabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Jun;52(6):1032-9. [PubMed:8503438 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 181500 (Schizophrenia)
  • 608516 (Major depressive disorder)
  • 229300 (Friedreich's ataxia)
  • 182601 (Hereditary spastic paraplegia)
  • 608643 (Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency)
  • 212750 (Celiac disease)
  • 610090 (Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency)
  • 182125 (Sepiapterin reductase deficiency)
  • 125480 (Bipolar disorder)
  • 266600 (Crohn's disease)
  • 237300 (Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency)
  • 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
  • 605552 (Metabolic syndrome)
  • 300615 (Brunner Syndrome)
External LinksNot Available
References
Synthesis Reference Asero, B.; Colo, V. A.; Vercellone, A. Preparation of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid. Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica (1956), 11 219-20.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
General function:
Involved in O-methyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Isoform 1 catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group onto N-acetylserotonin, producing melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 lack enzyme activity.
Gene Name:
ASMT
Uniprot ID:
P46597
Molecular weight:
41660.34
Reactions
S-Adenosylmethionine + 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid → S-Adenosylhomocysteine + 5-Methoxyindoleacetatedetails
Enzyme Details
2. Aldehyde oxidase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AOX1
Uniprot ID:
Q06278
Molecular weight:
147916.735
Reactions
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde + Oxygen + Water → 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid + Hydrogen peroxidedetails
Enzyme Details
3. 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma-butyrobetaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction.
Gene Name:
ALDH9A1
Uniprot ID:
P49189
Molecular weight:
56291.485
Reactions
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid + Hydrogen Ion + NADHdetails
Enzyme Details
4. Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism.
Gene Name:
ALDH7A1
Uniprot ID:
P49419
Molecular weight:
58486.74
Reactions
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid + Hydrogen Ion + NADHdetails
Enzyme Details
5. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early eye development and also in the development of the olfactory system (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ALDH1A3
Uniprot ID:
P47895
Molecular weight:
56107.995
Enzyme Details
6. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ALDH2
Uniprot ID:
P05091
Molecular weight:
56380.93
Reactions
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid + Hydrogen Ion + NADHdetails
Enzyme Details
7. Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to fatty acids. Active on a variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length. Responsible for conversion of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) degradation product hexadecenal to hexadecenoic acid.
Gene Name:
ALDH3A2
Uniprot ID:
P51648
Molecular weight:
54847.36
Reactions
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid + Hydrogen Ion + NADHdetails
Enzyme Details
8. Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation.
Gene Name:
ALDH1B1
Uniprot ID:
P30837
Molecular weight:
57248.96
Reactions
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde + NAD + Water → 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid + Hydrogen Ion + NADHdetails