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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-02-23 10:30:31 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:15:51 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001863
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01863
Metabolite Identification
Common Name2-Hydroxyvaleric acid
Description2-Hydroxyvaleric acid is an organic acid present in human biofluids. Its presence in urine has been associated with lactic acidosis, which occurs in Succinic Acidemia (OMIM 600335 ), a syndrome of organic acidemia associated with congenital lactic acidosis and decreased NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid presence associated with lactic acidosis has also been found in Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (OMIM 253260 ), or Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized primarily by cutaneous and neurologic abnormalities. (PMID: 9389332 , 1790187 , 3378323 , 3383430 , 7313494 ).
Structure
Data?1676999751
Synonyms
ValueSource
alpha-Hydroxy-N-valeric acidChEBI
alpha-Hydroxyvaleric acidChEBI
a-Hydroxy-N-valerateGenerator
a-Hydroxy-N-valeric acidGenerator
alpha-Hydroxy-N-valerateGenerator
Α-hydroxy-N-valerateGenerator
Α-hydroxy-N-valeric acidGenerator
a-HydroxyvalerateGenerator
a-Hydroxyvaleric acidGenerator
alpha-HydroxyvalerateGenerator
Α-hydroxyvalerateGenerator
Α-hydroxyvaleric acidGenerator
2-HydroxyvalerateGenerator
(+-)-2-HydroxypentanoateHMDB
(+-)-2-Hydroxypentanoic acidHMDB
(S)-2-Hydroxyvaleric acidHMDB
2-Hydroxy-pentanoateHMDB
2-Hydroxy-pentanoic acidHMDB
2-HydroxypentanoateHMDB
2-Hydroxypentanoic acidHMDB
DL-2-Hydroxy valeric acidHMDB
DL-2-Hydroxy valerateHMDB
2-Hydroxyvaleric acidChEBI
Chemical FormulaC5H10O3
Average Molecular Weight118.1311
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight118.062994186
IUPAC Name2-hydroxypentanoic acid
Traditional Namepentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-
CAS Registry Number617-31-2
SMILES
CCCC(O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-2-3-4(6)5(7)8/h4,6H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
InChI KeyJRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentHydroxy fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Branched fatty acid
  • Methyl-branched fatty acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Monosaccharide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point34 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP0.45SANGSTER (1993)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility204 g/LALOGPS
logP0.26ALOGPS
logP0.5ChemAxon
logS0.24ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.14ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity27.96 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.83 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+125.38431661259
DarkChem[M-H]-119.26631661259
AllCCS[M+H]+129.84532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.43132859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+132.91730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-130.12630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-166.54530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+141.2230932474
AllCCS[M+H]+129.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+125.632859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+133.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+135.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-128.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-132.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
2-Hydroxyvaleric acidCCCC(O)C(O)=O1952.5Standard polar33892256
2-Hydroxyvaleric acidCCCC(O)C(O)=O983.5Standard non polar33892256
2-Hydroxyvaleric acidCCCC(O)C(O)=O1055.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid,1TMS,isomer #1CCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1153.6Semi standard non polar33892256
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid,1TMS,isomer #2CCCC(O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1075.3Semi standard non polar33892256
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid,2TMS,isomer #1CCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1202.6Semi standard non polar33892256
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O1370.4Semi standard non polar33892256
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCCC(O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1290.7Semi standard non polar33892256
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1619.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-000t-1900000000-d70300be52196291976d2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-000t-1900000000-d70300be52196291976d2018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00bc-9000000000-8ef25031872550bc4b5a2016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00g1-9520000000-c9d4fd57ae20696954b72017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-01b9-5900000000-01385a49616d72e0af482017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0gb9-5900000000-3d71ffe5b1c985dfc9cc2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0fdo-9200000000-659ff4c4697dba5925842016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-96838793607ef6f63efe2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-5900000000-a4fc27ef3911175a04012016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9200000000-59dd4da8ca2bf68da3f12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-05fu-9000000000-bc0895fffaa6399f624b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014j-4900000000-2614517a07efec2cf55f2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ba-9300000000-a44dada0b4de6fdaa3d52021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-e3ae3abd89704d8b46602021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9100000000-97bcc465197c4cce0de92021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-2cfc42755749c6d13ccc2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-5b66cfecc9e0301583d42021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot Available
Normal
      Not Available
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0-4 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.1 +/- 0.1 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022717
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID88482
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound98009
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID60647
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceD'yakonov, I. A.; Vinogradova, N. B. Reactions of aliphatic diazo compounds with unsaturated compounds. VIII. Reaction of diazoacetic ester with allyl bromide. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii (1951), 21 851-60.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Verhaeghe BJ, Lefevere MF, De Leenheer AP: Solid-phase extraction with strong anion-exchange columns for selective isolation and concentration of urinary organic acids. Clin Chem. 1988 Jun;34(6):1077-83. [PubMed:3378323 ]
  2. Bergstrom T, Greter J, Levin AH, Steen G, Tryding N, Wass U: Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: case report, effect of low-protein diet and identification of 3-oxo-2-methylvaleric acid 3-hydroxy-2-methylvaleric acid, and maleic acid in urine. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1981 Apr;41(2):117-26. [PubMed:7313494 ]
  3. Jellum E, Harboe M, Bjune G, Wold S: Interpreting complicated chromatographic patterns. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1991;9(8):663-9. [PubMed:1790187 ]
  4. Kim KR, Kim JH, Jeong DH, Paek DJ, Liebich HM: Gas chromatographic profiling analysis of urinary organic acids from nonsmokers and smokers. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Nov 7;701(1):1-8. [PubMed:9389332 ]
  5. Asano K, Miyamoto I, Matsushita T, Murakami Y, Minoura S, Wagatsuma T, Oshima M: Succinic acidemia: a new syndrome of organic acidemia associated with congenital lactic acidosis and decreased NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Clin Chim Acta. 1988 Apr 29;173(3):305-12. [PubMed:3383430 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfonation increases the water solubility of most compounds, and therefore their renal excretion, but it can also result in bioactivation to form active metabolites. Sulfates hydroxysteroids like DHEA. Isoform 1 preferentially sulfonates cholesterol, and isoform 2 avidly sulfonates pregnenolone but not cholesterol.
Gene Name:
SULT2B1
Uniprot ID:
O00204
Molecular weight:
39598.595
Reactions
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid → 2-(sulfooxy)pentanoic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid → 6-(1-carboxybutoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2-hydroxypentanoyl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails