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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 14:17:37 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:13 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002121
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB02121
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCarnosol
DescriptionCarnosol is a naturally occurring phenolic diterpene found in rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis, Labiatae). It has been known that an extract of rosemary leaves contains high antioxidative activity. Ninety percent of this antioxidative activity can be attributed to carnosol and carnosic acid. Carnosic acid is easily converted to carnosol by oxidation. Carnosol has multiple beneficial medicinal effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities in various disease models. Carnosol may possess important neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced DA neuronal damage. Naturally occurring antioxidants reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, carnosol and carnosic acid promoted the synthesis of nerve growth factor in glial cells. Carnosol-mediated neuroprotection in DA neurons is involved in the attenuation of caspase-3 activity, which was induced by rotenone. Furthermore, carnosol-mediated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) increase, which is dependent on the Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway, is responsible for the neuroprotection in SN4741 DA cells. (PMID: 17047462 ). Carnosol, a phenolic diterpene compound of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, is an activator of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a ligand activated transcription factor, belonging to the metazoan family of nuclear hormone receptors. Activation of PPARgamma increases the transcription of enzymes involved in primary metabolism, leading to lower blood levels of fatty acids and glucose. Hence, PPARgamma represents the major target for the glitazone type of drugs currently being used clinically for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (PMID: 16858665 ).
Structure
Data?1582752230
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,3,4,9,10,10AS-hexahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2H-9S,4ar-(epoxymethano)phenanthren-12-oneHMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H26O4
Average Molecular Weight330.424
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight330.183109317
IUPAC Name(1R,8S,10S)-3,4-dihydroxy-11,11-dimethyl-5-(propan-2-yl)-16-oxatetracyclo[6.6.2.0¹,¹⁰.0²,⁷]hexadeca-2,4,6-trien-15-one
Traditional Name(1R,8S,10S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropyl-11,11-dimethyl-16-oxatetracyclo[6.6.2.0¹,¹⁰.0²,⁷]hexadeca-2,4,6-trien-15-one
CAS Registry Number5957-80-2
SMILES
CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C(O)=C1O)[C@@]13CCCC(C)(C)[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2OC3=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H26O4/c1-10(2)11-8-12-13-9-14-19(3,4)6-5-7-20(14,18(23)24-13)15(12)17(22)16(11)21/h8,10,13-14,21-22H,5-7,9H2,1-4H3/t13-,14-,20+/m0/s1
InChI KeyXUSYGBPHQBWGAD-PJSUUKDQSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpene lactones. These are diterpenoids containing a lactone moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassTerpene lactones
Direct ParentDiterpene lactones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Diterpene lactone
  • Diterpenoid
  • Phenanthrene
  • Benzopyran
  • Isochromane
  • 2-benzopyran
  • Tetralin
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Delta valerolactone
  • Delta_valerolactone
  • Benzenoid
  • Oxane
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactone
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB014814
KNApSAcK IDC00003410
Chemspider ID390568
KEGG Compound IDC09069
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCarnosol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound442009
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID468005
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1598201
References
Synthesis ReferenceLuxenburger, Andreas. The synthesis of carnosol derivatives. Tetrahedron (2003), 59(18), 3297-3305
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Kim SJ, Kim JS, Cho HS, Lee HJ, Kim SY, Kim S, Lee SY, Chun HS: Carnosol, a component of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) protects nigral dopaminergic neuronal cells. Neuroreport. 2006 Nov 6;17(16):1729-33. [PubMed:17047462 ]
  2. Rau O, Wurglics M, Paulke A, Zitzkowski J, Meindl N, Bock A, Dingermann T, Abdel-Tawab M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M: Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Planta Med. 2006 Aug;72(10):881-7. Epub 2006 Jul 20. [PubMed:16858665 ]