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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 10:40:47 UTC
Update Date2021-09-26 23:05:26 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0252698
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGepirone
DescriptionGepirone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-arylpiperazines. These are organic compounds containing a piperazine ring where the nitrogen ring atom carries an aryl group. However, similarly to buspirone, gepirone metabolizes into 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine, which is known to act as a potent antagonist of the α2-adrenergic receptor. Gepirone is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). However, in 2012 it once again failed to convince the FDA of its qualities for treating anxiety and depression. Gepirone is an antidepressant and anxiolytic drug of the azapirone group that was synthesized by Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1986 and has been under development for the treatment of depression but has yet to be marketed. In December 2015, the FDA once again gave gepirone a negative review for depression due to concerns of efficacy. However, in March 2016, the FDA reversed course and ruled favorably on the efficacy of gepirone. Gepirone was originally developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb, but was out-licensed to Fabre-Kramer in 1993. Unlike its relative buspirone however, gepirone has greater efficacy in activating the 5-HT1A and has negligible affinity for the D2 receptor (30- to 50-fold lower in comparison to buspirone). Moreover, the pro-sexual effects appear to be independent of its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Gepirone is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Gepirone is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
Gepirone monohydrochlorideMeSH
4,4-Dimethyl-1-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)-2,6-piperidinedioneMeSH
BMY-13805gepironeChEMBL
ArizaChEMBL
ORG-13011varizaChEMBL
Chemical FormulaC19H29N5O2
Average Molecular Weight359.474
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight359.232125194
IUPAC Name4,4-dimethyl-1-{4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}piperidine-2,6-dione
Traditional Namegepirone
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC1(C)CC(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C2=NC=CC=N2)C(=O)C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C19H29N5O2/c1-19(2)14-16(25)24(17(26)15-19)9-4-3-8-22-10-12-23(13-11-22)18-20-6-5-7-21-18/h5-7H,3-4,8-15H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyQOIGKGMMAGJZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-arylpiperazines. These are organic compounds containing a piperazine ring where the nitrogen ring atom carries an aryl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazinanes
Sub ClassPiperazines
Direct ParentN-arylpiperazines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-arylpiperazine
  • Piperidinedione
  • Dialkylarylamine
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Delta-lactam
  • Piperidinone
  • N-alkylpiperazine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Piperidine
  • Carboxylic acid imide, n-substituted
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Carboxylic acid imide
  • Dicarboximide
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Lactam
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP2.09ALOGPS
logP1.35ChemAxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.62ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area69.64 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count6ChemAxon
Refractivity101.49 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.93 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+188.91530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-186.46130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-220.66430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+196.18330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+187.432859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+184.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+189.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+190.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-185.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-186.232859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-187.032859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 20229.7543 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20223.17 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid741.3 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid158.2 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid164.2 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid148.4 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid66.0 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid282.5 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid356.8 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)359.4 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid736.4 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid69.0 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1161.9 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid245.1 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid262.7 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate355.3 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA347.9 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water73.1 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
GepironeCC1(C)CC(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C2=NC=CC=N2)C(=O)C13064.2Standard polar33892256
GepironeCC1(C)CC(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C2=NC=CC=N2)C(=O)C12949.1Standard non polar33892256
GepironeCC1(C)CC(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C2=NC=CC=N2)C(=O)C12993.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gepirone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0m9r-2910000000-65e5547be23e1a515df12021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gepirone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0119000000-de7074794efd4bed7c982017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-1849000000-2fbcf6a293e322cce6ea2017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-6910000000-bfc19e3f25371e4a5cbd2017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0309000000-becf30dc57a0817caa682017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-0905000000-8b3c2cc81a46dd57ada92017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-4910000000-4b1ae201d3a504fb083c2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0029000000-93ace071bda0a59752df2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0093000000-fd70a466fd2ca6d9fac72021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00xr-1951000000-fb0dd0ddc57a7ac690eb2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-4cc5c8ea4f5e4a9dbb3b2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0019000000-a60c434ce652cfe0ddbe2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gepirone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-090c-6921000000-af88b3e11a357b1edacc2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB12184
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGepirone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound55191
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]