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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 16:33:59 UTC
Update Date2021-09-26 23:11:45 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0256239
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePenitrem B
DescriptionPenitrem B belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthopyrans. Naphthopyrans are compounds containing a pyran ring fused to a naphthalene moiety. Furan is a 6 membered-ring non-aromatic ring with five carbon and one oxygen atoms. Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon made up of two fused benzene rings. Tremorgenic mycotoxins cause a neurological disease of cattle known as "staggers syndrome", which is characterized by muscle tremors and hyperexcitability. Penitrem B is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Penitrem B is a potentially toxic compound. Tremorgenic mycotoxins exert their toxic effects by interfering with neurotransmitter release, possibly by causing degeneration of nerve terminals. They are thought to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, both pre- and postsynaptic, as well as inhibit transmitter breakdown at the GABA-T receptors. This would initially increase neurotransmitter levels, potentiating the GABA-induced chloride current, then lead to decreased levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse. They cause a neurological disease of horses and cattle known as "staggers syndrome". Penitrems are also know to increase the spontaneous release of the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes. Generalized seizures may be treated with diazepam followed by methocarbamol or a barbiturate such as pentobarbital sodium. Other symptoms include severe muscle fasciculations, vomiting, convulsions, tachycardia, and seizures, possibly leading to massive liver necrosis and death. To control severe tremors caused by tremorgenic mycotoxins, methocarbamol should be administered. Gastric lavage should be performed and activated charcoal administered to limit further absorption of toxins. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Penitrem b is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Penitrem B is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC37H45NO5
Average Molecular Weight583.7569
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight583.329773555
IUPAC Name15,16,33,33-tetramethyl-24-methylidene-10-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-7,11,32-trioxa-18-azadecacyclo[25.4.2.0²,¹⁶.0⁵,¹⁵.0⁶,⁸.0⁶,¹².0¹⁷,³¹.0¹⁹,³⁰.0²²,²⁹.0²⁵,²⁸]tritriaconta-17(31),19(30),20,22(29)-tetraene-5,9-diol
Traditional Name15,16,33,33-tetramethyl-24-methylidene-10-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-7,11,32-trioxa-18-azadecacyclo[25.4.2.0²,¹⁶.0⁵,¹⁵.0⁶,⁸.0⁶,¹².0¹⁷,³¹.0¹⁹,³⁰.0²²,²⁹.0²⁵,²⁸]tritriaconta-17(31),19(30),20,22(29)-tetraene-5,9-diol
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(=C)C1OC2CCC3(C)C4(C)C(CCC3(O)C22OC2C1O)C1OC(C)(C)C2CC3C2C2=C(CC3=C)C=CC3=C2C1=C4N3
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C37H45NO5/c1-16(2)29-28(39)32-37(43-32)23(41-29)11-12-34(6)35(7)20(10-13-36(34,37)40)30-27-26-22(38-31(27)35)9-8-18-14-17(3)19-15-21(25(19)24(18)26)33(4,5)42-30/h8-9,19-21,23,25,28-30,32,38-40H,1,3,10-15H2,2,4-7H3
InChI KeyCRPJNVUYZRFGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthopyrans. Naphthopyrans are compounds containing a pyran ring fused to a naphthalene moiety. Furan is a 6 membered-ring non-aromatic ring with five carbon and one oxygen atoms. Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon made up of two fused benzene rings.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassNaphthopyrans
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentNaphthopyrans
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Naphthopyran
  • Naphthalene
  • Tetralin
  • 3-alkylindole
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • 1,4-dioxepane
  • Dioxepane
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Pyran
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrrole
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Oxirane
  • Ether
  • Alcohol
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP5.06ALOGPS
logP4.76ChemAxon
logS-6.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.8ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area87.24 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity162.79 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability67.61 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings10ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-259.06430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+233.81330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+237.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+236.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+238.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+238.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-230.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-232.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-236.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Penitrem BCC(=C)C1OC2CCC3(C)C4(C)C(CCC3(O)C22OC2C1O)C1OC(C)(C)C2CC3C2C2=C(CC3=C)C=CC3=C2C1=C4N34092.4Standard polar33892256
Penitrem BCC(=C)C1OC2CCC3(C)C4(C)C(CCC3(O)C22OC2C1O)C1OC(C)(C)C2CC3C2C2=C(CC3=C)C=CC3=C2C1=C4N34346.4Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem BCC(=C)C1OC2CCC3(C)C4(C)C(CCC3(O)C22OC2C1O)C1OC(C)(C)C2CC3C2C2=C(CC3=C)C=CC3=C2C1=C4N34822.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Penitrem B,1TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4825.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,1TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4461.6Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,1TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4912.0Standard polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4793.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4490.0Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4785.1Standard polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TMS,isomer #2C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4726.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TMS,isomer #2C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4504.5Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TMS,isomer #2C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4794.4Standard polar33892256
Penitrem B,3TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4673.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,3TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4542.7Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,3TMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4645.5Standard polar33892256
Penitrem B,1TBDMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C5018.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,1TBDMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4714.2Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,1TBDMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4985.9Standard polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TBDMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C5178.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TBDMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4967.9Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TBDMS,isomer #1C=C1CC2=CC=C3[NH]C4=C5C3=C2C2C1CC2C(C)(C)OC5C1CCC2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C35OC3C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC2(C)C41C4924.2Standard polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C5033.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4959.7Standard non polar33892256
Penitrem B,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C1CC2=C3C4=C(C=C2)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C4C(OC(C)(C)C4CC1C34)C1CCC3(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C45OC4C(O)C(C(=C)C)OC5CCC3(C)C21C4913.5Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penitrem B GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penitrem B GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penitrem B GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penitrem B GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penitrem B GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penitrem B GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penitrem B 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0000090000-fcc8aba7eac84b5011ce2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penitrem B 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-2000090000-b92d5e5d2de0d128cf702016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penitrem B 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01b9-9050230000-43c28e9df6ff4b0c1b332016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penitrem B 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-2000390000-e40e61a51db4a95d11a62016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penitrem B 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-3000490000-1bedac3b68d1ff7d3db52016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penitrem B 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014l-9020400000-94a0bacb6d9b5a965e792016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound73153936
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]