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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:41:40 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001049
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0029146
  • HMDB01049
  • HMDB29146
Metabolite Identification
Common Namegamma-Glutamylcysteine
Descriptiongamma-Glutamylcysteine is a dipeptide composed of gamma-glutamate and cysteine, and is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins. It belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. gamma-Glutamylcysteine is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. gamma-Glutamylcysteine is a product of enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase [EC 6.3.2.2] and a substrate of enzyme glutathione synthase [EC 6.3.2.3] in the glutamate metabolism pathway (KEGG).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC8H14N2O5S
Average Molecular Weight250.272
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight250.062342258
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-4-{[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid
Traditional Namegamma-glutamylcysteine
CAS Registry Number636-58-8
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H14N2O5S/c9-4(7(12)13)1-2-6(11)10-5(3-16)8(14)15/h4-5,16H,1-3,9H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t4-,5-/m0/s1
InChI KeyRITKHVBHSGLULN-WHFBIAKZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentN-acyl-alpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • Cysteine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Amino acid
  • Alkylthiol
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+MetCCS_train_pos157.65830932474
[M+H]+Not Available157.906http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000494
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Fibroblasts
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified3.05 +/- 0.11 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified25.0 +/- 8.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.9 +/- 0.5 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.46+/-0.14 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified2.07 +/- 0.12 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)BothCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)BothUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUnclassified IBD details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Schizophrenia
  1. Fukushima T, Iizuka H, Yokota A, Suzuki T, Ohno C, Kono Y, Nishikiori M, Seki A, Ichiba H, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Utsunomiya M, Nakatani M, Sadamoto K, Yoshio T: Quantitative analyses of schizophrenia-associated metabolites in serum: serum D-lactate levels are negatively correlated with gamma-glutamylcysteine in medicated schizophrenia patients. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e101652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101652. eCollection 2014. [PubMed:25004141 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB03408
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB003603
KNApSAcK IDC00007507
Chemspider ID110467
KEGG Compound IDC00669
BioCyc IDL-GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE
BiGG ID35655
Wikipedia LinkGamma-Glutamylcysteine
METLIN ID5966
PubChem Compound123938
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17515
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDGLUCYS
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceBridge, Wallace John; Zarka, Martin Hani. Enzymic production of g-glutamylcysteine. PCT Int. Appl. (2006), 76pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GCLC
Uniprot ID:
P48506
Molecular weight:
68629.42
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Glutamic acid + L-Cysteine → ADP + Phosphate + gamma-Glutamylcysteinedetails
General function:
Involved in peptidase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the biosynthesis of pyroglutamyl peptides. Has a bias against acidic and tryptophan residues adjacent to the N-terminal glutaminyl residue and a lack of importance of chain length after the second residue. Also catalyzes N-terminal pyroglutamate formation. In vitro, catalyzes pyroglutamate formation of N-terminally truncated form of APP amyloid-beta peptides [Glu-3]-beta-amyloid. May be involved in the N-terminal pyroglutamate formation of several amyloid-related plaque-forming peptides.
Gene Name:
QPCT
Uniprot ID:
Q16769
Molecular weight:
40876.14
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GSS
Uniprot ID:
P48637
Molecular weight:
52384.325
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + gamma-Glutamylcysteine + Glycine → ADP + Phosphate + Glutathionedetails
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
General function:
Involved in acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and may play a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria with resultant induction of apoptosis.
Gene Name:
GGCT
Uniprot ID:
O75223
Molecular weight:
19091.635
Reactions
gamma-Glutamylcysteine → Pyroglutamic acid + L-Cysteinedetails