Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP01021
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 6309
Name Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
Synonyms
  1. PPO
Gene Name PPOX
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Specific Function Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.
Pathways
  • Acute Intermittent Porphyria
  • Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP) or Gunther Disease
  • Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)
  • Porphyria Variegata (PV)
  • Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
  • Porphyrin Metabolism
  • protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis
Reactions
Protoporphyrinogen IX + Oxygen → Protoporphyrin IX + Hydrogen peroxide details
Protoporphyrinogen IX + Oxygen → Protoporphyrin IX + Hydrogen peroxide details
GO Classification
Biological Process
small molecule metabolic process
heme biosynthetic process
protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process
response to drug
Cellular Component
intrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane
integral to mitochondrial inner membrane
mitochondrial intermembrane space
Function
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the ch-ch group of donors
catalytic activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the ch-ch group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity
oxidoreductase activity
Molecular Function
oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
Process
metabolic process
nitrogen compound metabolic process
tetrapyrrole metabolic process
porphyrin metabolic process
oxidation reduction
porphyrin biosynthetic process
Cellular Location
  1. Peripheral membrane protein
  2. Mitochondrion inner membrane
  3. Intermembrane side
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 1
Locus 1q22
SNPs PPOX
Gene Sequence
>1434 bp
ATGGGCCGGACCGTGGTCGTGCTGGGCGGAGGCATCAGCGGCTTGGCCGCCAGTTACCAC
CTGAGCCGGGCCCCCTGCCCCCCTAAGGTGGTCCTAGTGGAGAGCAGTGAGCGTCTGGGA
GGCTGGATTCGCTCCGTTCGAGGCCCTAATGGTGCTATCTTTGAGCTTGGACCTCGGGGA
ATTAGGCCAGCGGGAGCCCTAGGGGCCCGGACCTTGCTCCTGGTTTCTGAGCTTGGCTTG
GATTCAGAAGTGCTGCCTGTCCGGGGAGACCACCCAGCTGCCCAGAACAGGTTCCTCTAC
GTGGGCGGTGCCCTGCATGCCCTACCCACTGGCCTCAGGGGGCTACTCCGCCCTTCACCC
CCCTTCTCCAAACCTCTGTTTTGGGCTGGGCTGAGGGAGCTGACCAAGCCCCGGGGCAAA
GAGCCTGATGAGACTGTGCACAGTTTTGCCCAGCGCCGCCTTGGACCTGAGGTGGCGTCT
CTAGCCATGGACAGTCTCTGCCGTGGAGTGTTTGCAGGCAACAGCCGTGAGCTCAGCATC
AGGTCCTGCTTTCCCAGTCTCTTCCAAGCTGAGCAAACCCATCGTTCCATATTACTGGGC
CTGCTGCTGGGGGCAGGGCGGACCCCACAGCCAGACTCAGCACTCATTCGCCAGGCCTTG
GCTGAGCGCTGGAGCCAGTGGTCACTTCGTGGAGGTCTAGAGATGTTGCCTCAGGCCCTT
GAAACCCACCTGACTAGTAGGGGGGTCAGTGTTCTCAGAGGCCAGCCGGTCTGTGGGCTC
AGCCTCCAGGCAGAAGGGCGCTGGAAGGTATCTCTAAGGGACAGCAGTCTGGAGGCTGAC
CACGTTATTAGTGCCATTCCAGCTTCAGTGCTCAGTGAGCTGCTCCCTGCTGAGGCTGCC
CCTCTGGCTCGTGCCCTGAGTGCCATCACTGCAGTGTCTGTAGCTGTGGTGAATCTGCAG
TACCAAGGAGCCCATCTGCCTGTCCAGGGATTTGGACATTTGGTGCCATCTTCAGAAGAT
CCAGGAGTCCTGGGAATCGTGTATGACTCAGTTGCTTTCCCTGAGCAGGACGGGAGCCCC
CCTGGCCTCAGAGTGACTGTGATGCTGGGAGGTTCCTGGTTACAGACACTGGAGGCTAGT
GGCTGTGTCTTATCTCAGGAGCTGTTTCAACAGCGGGCCCAGGAAGCAGCTGCTACACAA
TTAGGACTGAAGGAGATGCCGAGCCACTGCTTGGTCCATCTACACAAGAACTGCATTCCC
CAGTATACACTAGGTCACTGGCAAAAACTAGAGTCAGCTAGGCAATTCCTGACTGCTCAC
AGGTTGCCCCTGACTCTGGCTGGAGCCTCCTATGAGGGAGTTGCTGTTAATGACTGTATA
GAGAGTGGGCGCCAGGCAGCAGTCAGTGTCCTGGGCACAGAACCTAACAGCTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 477
Molecular Weight 50764.8
Theoretical pI 8.16
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
MGRTVVVLGGGISGLAASYHLSRAPCPPKVVLVESSERLGGWIRSVRGPNGAIFELGPRG
IRPAGALGARTLLLVSELGLDSEVLPVRGDHPAAQNRFLYVGGALHALPTGLRGLLRPSP
PFSKPLFWAGLRELTKPRGKEPDETVHSFAQRRLGPEVASLAMDSLCRGVFAGNSRELSI
RSCFPSLFQAEQTHRSILLGLLLGAGRTPQPDSALIRQALAERWSQWSLRGGLEMLPQAL
ETHLTSRGVSVLRGQPVCGLSLQAEGRWKVSLRDSSLEADHVISAIPASVLSELLPAEAA
PLARALSAITAVSVAVVNLQYQGAHLPVQGFGHLVPSSEDPGVLGIVYDSVAFPEQDGSP
PGLRVTVMLGGSWLQTLEASGCVLSQELFQQRAQEAAATQLGLKEMPSHCLVHLHKNCIP
QYTLGHWQKLESARQFLTAHRLPLTLAGASYEGVAVNDCIESGRQAAVSVLGTEPNS
GenBank ID Protein 55665937
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P50336
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPOX_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID AL590714
GeneCard ID PPOX
GenAtlas ID PPOX
HGNC ID HGNC:9280
References
General References
  1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  2. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed:16710414 ]
  3. Nishimura K, Taketani S, Inokuchi H: Cloning of a human cDNA for protoporphyrinogen oxidase by complementation in vivo of a hemG mutant of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 7;270(14):8076-80. [PubMed:7713909 ]
  4. Dailey TA, Dailey HA: Human protoporphyrinogen oxidase: expression, purification, and characterization of the cloned enzyme. Protein Sci. 1996 Jan;5(1):98-105. [PubMed:8771201 ]
  5. Puy H, Robreau AM, Rosipal R, Nordmann Y, Deybach JC: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase: complete genomic sequence and polymorphisms in the human gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Sep 4;226(1):226-30. [PubMed:8806618 ]
  6. Deybach JC, Puy H, Robreau AM, Lamoril J, Da Silva V, Grandchamp B, Nordmann Y: Mutations in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene in patients with variegate porphyria. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Mar;5(3):407-10. [PubMed:8852667 ]
  7. Meissner PN, Dailey TA, Hift RJ, Ziman M, Corrigall AV, Roberts AG, Meissner DM, Kirsch RE, Dailey HA: A R59W mutation in human protoporphyrinogen oxidase results in decreased enzyme activity and is prevalent in South Africans with variegate porphyria. Nat Genet. 1996 May;13(1):95-7. [PubMed:8673113 ]
  8. Frank J, Poh-Fitzpatrick MB, King LE Jr, Christiano AM: The genetic basis of "Scarsdale Gourmet Diet" variegate porphyria: a missense mutation in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene. Arch Dermatol Res. 1998 Aug;290(8):441-5. [PubMed:9763307 ]