You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Human Metabolome Database.
Record Information |
---|
Version | 4.0 |
---|
Status | Detected and Quantified |
---|
Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
---|
Update Date | 2020-11-09 23:11:52 UTC |
---|
HMDB ID | HMDB0000064 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | |
---|
Metabolite Identification |
---|
Common Name | Creatine |
---|
Description | Creatine, also known as cosmocair C 100 or krebiozon, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Creatine is a drug. Creatine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Creatine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, creatine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, S-adenosylhomocysteine and creatine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethionine and guanidoacetic acid through the action of the enzyme guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase. In addition, creatine can be converted into phosphocreatine through the action of the enzyme creatine kinase b-type. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. In humans, creatine is involved in the metabolic disorder called prolinemia type II. Outside of the human body, creatine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as chinese cinnamons, celery leaves, dandelions, persian limes, and oats. This could make creatine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Creatine is a potentially toxic compound. Creatine has been found to be associated with several diseases such as frontotemporal dementia, lewy body disease, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer; also creatine has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including hypermethioninemia. |
---|
Structure | |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid | ChEBI | (alpha-Methylguanido)acetic acid | ChEBI | (N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid | ChEBI | alpha-Methylguanidino acetic acid | ChEBI | Creatin | ChEBI | Kreatin | ChEBI | Methylglycocyamine | ChEBI | N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine | ChEBI | N-[(e)-AMINO(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine | ChEBI | N-Amidinosarcosine | ChEBI | N-Carbamimidoyl-N-methylglycine | ChEBI | N-Methyl-N-guanylglycine | ChEBI | ((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetate | Generator | (a-Methylguanido)acetate | Generator | (a-Methylguanido)acetic acid | Generator | (alpha-Methylguanido)acetate | Generator | (Α-methylguanido)acetate | Generator | (Α-methylguanido)acetic acid | Generator | (N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetate | Generator | a-Methylguanidino acetate | Generator | a-Methylguanidino acetic acid | Generator | alpha-Methylguanidino acetate | Generator | Α-methylguanidino acetate | Generator | Α-methylguanidino acetic acid | Generator | Cosmocair C 100 | HMDB | Creatine hydrate | HMDB | Krebiozon | HMDB | Methylguanidoacetate | HMDB | Methylguanidoacetic acid | HMDB | N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methyl-glycine | HMDB | Phosphagen | HMDB | [[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetate | HMDB | [[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetic acid | HMDB |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C4H9N3O2 |
---|
Average Molecular Weight | 131.1332 |
---|
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 131.069476547 |
---|
IUPAC Name | 2-(N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid |
---|
Traditional Name | creatine |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 57-00-1 |
---|
SMILES | CN(CC(O)=O)C(N)=N |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H9N3O2/c1-7(4(5)6)2-3(8)9/h2H2,1H3,(H3,5,6)(H,8,9) |
---|
InChI Key | CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
---|
Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
---|
Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
---|
Direct Parent | Alpha amino acids and derivatives |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
- Guanidine
- Carboximidamide
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Imine
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Ontology |
---|
|
Physiological effect | Health effect: |
---|
Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
---|
Process | Naturally occurring process: |
---|
Role | Biological role: Industrial application: |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
---|
Melting Point | 303 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 13.3 mg/mL at 18 °C | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
|
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|
Spectra |
---|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
---|
GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014i-0900000000-7739f1c16da098ff4661 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0002-0900000000-f89f340e776ae37776b3 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014i-0900000000-7739f1c16da098ff4661 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0002-0900000000-f89f340e776ae37776b3 | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0006-9000000000-4697e8a17788c105f1aa | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00di-9600000000-ef8c833ca7ddb4b1a500 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-000x-9800000000-bc1387ab36f71e04b988 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-0006-9000000000-6c686da36a88d9fbdbcf | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-0006-9000000000-13b7d28e8f5be1c5dada | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-001i-0900000000-cc4bd4c587dd80f63bcb | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-0udi-3900000000-d35c7578ad50de8377b7 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-000i-9000000000-a4d7fee14f74e1ed8b4b | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-001i-0900000000-e5d62520dfcbf4bfe5c9 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-001i-0900000000-06fbcf897ccce3fa90b7 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-000i-9000000000-9a0b8275e74605a92681 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-000f-9000000000-5f622f2c3de4f213a8ed | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-001i-0900000000-20ba65c7a2c9434fcf39 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-01qc-0965022201-53bb6f168e0934ae4a87 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-000i-9000000000-638479794e8c3a6e0b61 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-004i-0900000000-39676937b1a3ad0dc0bc | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-03di-0090000000-d53c75786742ecdb3c16 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-001l-0945022201-2fc3f234454021c5e202 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-000i-9000000000-40aa07f89dddb181e489 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-001i-0900000000-5aca4d0b8ed7d2500af2 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-03di-0190000000-9a9685c32bf6c721a497 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive | splash10-001i-1900000000-c99f9492e0b84d5fae6b | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive | splash10-0006-9300000000-8ab609e6dd62bd18841f | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive | splash10-0006-9000000000-e04e407d5f06d21582c4 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive | splash10-0006-9000000000-fd81d06317727fa740b1 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive | splash10-0006-9000000000-8428e2af90720afb4337 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive | splash10-001i-0900000000-3162b4c94e66796a643b | Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0006-9100000000-47f885347545055f546d | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum |
|
---|
Biological Properties |
---|
Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- Mitochondria
|
---|
Biospecimen Locations | - Blood
- Breast Milk
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Feces
- Saliva
- Sweat
- Urine
|
---|
Tissue Locations | - Adipose Tissue
- Bladder
- Brain
- Epidermis
- Fibroblasts
- Heart
- Intestine
- Kidney
- Neuron
- Placenta
- Platelet
- Prostate
- Skeletal Muscle
- Spleen
- Testis
|
---|
Pathways | |
---|
Normal Concentrations |
---|
| |
Blood | Detected and Quantified | 54.8 +/- 21.0 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 87 +/- 19 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 30.1 +/- 12.3 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 10-44 uM | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 30-80 uM | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 5-50 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 17-109 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 84.0 +/- 23.2 uM | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 53.0 (17.0 - 82.0) uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 32.22 +/- 16.42 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 74.0458 +/- 25.191 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 50.77(21.53) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 33.8-75.8 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 36.7 +/- 28.3 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Breast Milk | Detected and Quantified | 51.6 +/- 24.5 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected and Quantified | 44 +/- 13 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 8.32 +/- 3.30 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 30.12 +/- 18.36 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 23.2 +/- 29.4 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 30.7 +/- 14.6 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 33.9 +/- 45.9 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 25.94 +/- 9.75 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 113.0 (0.00-654.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 113(0-654) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.00082 +/- 0.0011 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <35 umol/mmol creatinine | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.00-404.37 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 25-776 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 10-1350 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 46 (3-448) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 26.0 (5.0-95.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | - Geigy Scientific ...
- West Cadwell, N.J...
- Basel, Switzerlan...
| details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 46.0 (9.0-135.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | - Geigy Scientific ...
- West Cadwell, N.J...
- Basel, Switzerlan...
| details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 11.30 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 106.76 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 497.145 +/- 435.142 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 6-1208 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 11-244 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 17-720 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <70 umol/mmol creatinine | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.66-455.3 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 13.68(4.63-104.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Female | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 14.93(4.74-455.8) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1-1.8 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Normal | | details |
|
---|
Abnormal Concentrations |
---|
| |
Blood | Detected and Quantified | 33.8 +/- 37.7 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Heart Transplant | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 40.3 (28.3-56.6) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Cirrhosis | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 528 +/- 42 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Hypermethioninemia | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 25.7 (16.5 - 30.8) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Cirrhosis | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 30.3 +/- 12.8 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18 | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 35.6 +/- 15.15 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Pregnancy | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 34.7 (10.6) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Early preeclampsia | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 37.4 (13.0) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Pregnancy | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 75 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1 | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Female | Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3 | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 43.2 +/- 18.10 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Schizophrenia | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 25.5 (11.41) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 23.84 (11.5) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Pregnancy | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1022.901 +/- 231.298 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Uremia | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 41.5 (5.9) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Late-onset preeclampsia | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 33.4 (15.6) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Pregnancy | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 121.89(372.94) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Pancreatic cancer | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 37.4 (13.3) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Down syndrome pregnancy | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 34.4 (11.8) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Pregnancy | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Crohns disease | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Ulcerative colitis | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Unclassified IBD | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Attachment loss | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Missing teeth | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Periodontal Probing Depth | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 29.86 +/- 19.99 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Alzheimer's disease | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 26.61 +/- 5.64 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Frontotemporal lobe dementia | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 19.48 +/- 12.88 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Lewy body disease | | details | Sweat | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | screen-positive CF | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Schizophrenia | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 37.0 (0.0-197.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Not Specified | Both | Lung cancer | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1540 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Rhabdomyolysis | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 233.588 +/- 539.846 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Eosinophilic esophagitis | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 31-40 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Female | Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3 | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 220 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1 | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal adenoma | | details |
|
---|
Associated Disorders and Diseases |
---|
Disease References | Cirrhosis |
---|
- Marescau B, De Deyn PP, Holvoet J, Possemiers I, Nagels G, Saxena V, Mahler C: Guanidino compounds in serum and urine of cirrhotic patients. Metabolism. 1995 May;44(5):584-8. [PubMed:7752905 ]
| Pancreatic cancer |
---|
- Zhang L, Jin H, Guo X, Yang Z, Zhao L, Tang S, Mo P, Wu K, Nie Y, Pan Y, Fan D: Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic profiles. Clin Biochem. 2012 Sep;45(13-14):1064-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 May 19. [PubMed:22613268 ]
| Colorectal cancer |
---|
- Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
| Schizophrenia |
---|
- Koike S, Bundo M, Iwamoto K, Suga M, Kuwabara H, Ohashi Y, Shinoda K, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Satomura Y, Nagai T, Natsubori T, Tada M, Yamasue H, Kasai K: A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 8;4:e379. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.19. [PubMed:24713860 ]
- Cai HL, Li HD, Yan XZ, Sun B, Zhang Q, Yan M, Zhang WY, Jiang P, Zhu RH, Liu YP, Fang PF, Xu P, Yuan HY, Zhang XH, Hu L, Yang W, Ye HS: Metabolomic analysis of biochemical changes in the plasma and urine of first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients after treatment with risperidone. J Proteome Res. 2012 Aug 3;11(8):4338-50. doi: 10.1021/pr300459d. Epub 2012 Jul 26. [PubMed:22800120 ]
| Early preeclampsia |
---|
- Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
| Pregnancy |
---|
- Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
- Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
- Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ]
- Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ]
- Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
| Late-onset preeclampsia |
---|
- Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
| Hypermethioninemia |
---|
- Baric I, Fumic K, Glenn B, Cuk M, Schulze A, Finkelstein JD, James SJ, Mejaski-Bosnjak V, Pazanin L, Pogribny IP, Rados M, Sarnavka V, Scukanec-Spoljar M, Allen RH, Stabler S, Uzelac L, Vugrek O, Wagner C, Zeisel S, Mudd SH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in a human: a genetic disorder of methionine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23;101(12):4234-9. Epub 2004 Mar 15. [PubMed:15024124 ]
| Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3 |
---|
- Nouioua S, Cheillan D, Zaouidi S, Salomons GS, Amedjout N, Kessaci F, Boulahdour N, Hamadouche T, Tazir M: Creatine deficiency syndrome. A treatable myopathy due to arginine-glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency. Neuromuscul Disord. 2013 Aug;23(8):670-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.04.011. Epub 2013 Jun 14. [PubMed:23770102 ]
| Uremia |
---|
- Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jorres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W: Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1934-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x. [PubMed:12675874 ]
| Irritable bowel syndrome |
---|
- Hong YS, Hong KS, Park MH, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Lee J, Kim IK, Hwang GS, Kim JS: Metabonomic understanding of probiotic effects in humans with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 May-Jun;45(5):415-25. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318207f76c. [PubMed:21494186 ]
| Crohn's disease |
---|
- Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
| Ulcerative colitis |
---|
- Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
| Alzheimer's disease |
---|
- Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
| Frontotemporal dementia |
---|
- Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
| Lewy body disease |
---|
- Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
| Attachment loss |
---|
- Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
| Missing teeth |
---|
- Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
| Periodontal Probing Depth |
---|
- Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
| Cystic fibrosis |
---|
- Adriana Nori de Macedo. Robust capillary electrophoresis methods for biomarker discovery and routine measurements in clinical and epidemiological applications. March 2017 [Link]
| Lung Cancer |
---|
- Stretch C, Eastman T, Mandal R, Eisner R, Wishart DS, Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Damaraju S, Ball RO, Greiner R, Baracos VE: Prediction of skeletal muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced cancer using a metabolomic approach. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):14-21. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.147751. Epub 2011 Dec 7. [PubMed:22157537 ]
| Rhabdomyolysis |
---|
- Bairaktari E, Seferiadis K, Liamis G, Psihogios N, Tsolas O, Elisaf M: Rhabdomyolysis-related renal tubular damage studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 2002 Jul;48(7):1106-9. [PubMed:12089184 ]
| Eosinophilic esophagitis |
---|
- (). Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart. .
| Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1 |
---|
- Salomons GS, van Dooren SJ, Verhoeven NM, Cecil KM, Ball WS, Degrauw TJ, Jakobs C: X-linked creatine-transporter gene (SLC6A8) defect: a new creatine-deficiency syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1497-500. doi: 10.1086/320595. Epub 2001 Apr 20. [PubMed:11326334 ]
|
|
---|
Associated OMIM IDs | - 260350 (Pancreatic cancer)
- 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
- 181500 (Schizophrenia)
- 613752 (Hypermethioninemia)
- 612718 (Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3)
- 266600 (Crohn's disease)
- 104300 (Alzheimer's disease)
- 600274 (Frontotemporal dementia)
- 219700 (Cystic fibrosis)
- 211980 (Lung Cancer)
- 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
- 300352 (Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1)
|
---|
External Links |
---|
DrugBank ID | DB00148 |
---|
Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
---|
FooDB ID | FDB005403 |
---|
KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
---|
Chemspider ID | 566 |
---|
KEGG Compound ID | C00300 |
---|
BioCyc ID | CREATINE |
---|
BiGG ID | 34543 |
---|
Wikipedia Link | Creatine |
---|
METLIN ID | 7 |
---|
PubChem Compound | 586 |
---|
PDB ID | Not Available |
---|
ChEBI ID | 16919 |
---|
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
---|
VMH ID | Not Available |
---|
MarkerDB ID | MDB00000033 |
---|
References |
---|
Synthesis Reference | Thalhammer, Franz; Gastner, Thomas. Preparation of creatine, creatine monohydrate and guanidinoacetic acid. Ger. Offen. (2007), 5pp. |
---|
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
---|
General References | - Schonberger B: [Overactive bladder--which diagnosis investigations are necessary before initiating primary treatment?]. Urologe A. 2003 Jun;42(6):787-92. Epub 2003 Apr 25. [PubMed:12851769 ]
- Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu S, Adami A, Appleton R, Araujo HC, Duran M, Ensenauer R, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Garcia P, Grolik C, Item CB, Leuzzi V, Marquardt I, Muhl A, Saelke-Kellermann RA, Salomons GS, Schulze A, Surtees R, van der Knaap MS, Vasconcelos R, Verhoeven NM, Vilarinho L, Wilichowski E, Jakobs C: GAMT deficiency: features, treatment, and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesis. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8;67(3):480-4. Epub 2006 Jul 19. [PubMed:16855203 ]
- McConell GK, Shinewell J, Stephens TJ, Stathis CG, Canny BJ, Snow RJ: Creatine supplementation reduces muscle inosine monophosphate during endurance exercise in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2054-61. [PubMed:16331129 ]
- McMorris T, Harris RC, Swain J, Corbett J, Collard K, Dyson RJ, Dye L, Hodgson C, Draper N: Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Mar;185(1):93-103. Epub 2006 Jan 17. [PubMed:16416332 ]
- Wang PF, McLeish MJ, Kneen MM, Lee G, Kenyon GL: An unusually low pK(a) for Cys282 in the active site of human muscle creatine kinase. Biochemistry. 2001 Oct 2;40(39):11698-705. [PubMed:11570870 ]
- Olsen S, Aagaard P, Kadi F, Tufekovic G, Verney J, Olesen JL, Suetta C, Kjaer M: Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training. J Physiol. 2006 Jun 1;573(Pt 2):525-34. Epub 2006 Mar 31. [PubMed:16581862 ]
- Ellington WR: A dimeric creatine kinase from a sponge: implications in terms of phosphagen kinase evolution. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 May;126(1):1-7. [PubMed:10825659 ]
- Fredericks S, Murray JF, Bewick M, Chang R, Collinson PO, Carter ND, Holt DW: Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase MB are not increased in exterior oblique muscle of patients with renal failure. Clin Chem. 2001 Jun;47(6):1023-30. [PubMed:11375287 ]
- Jiao YF, Okumiya T, Saibara T, Kudo Y, Sugiura T: Erythrocyte creatine as a marker of excessive erythrocyte destruction due to hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Biochem. 2001 Jul;34(5):395-8. [PubMed:11522277 ]
- Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed:15627241 ]
- Nicholson JK, Buckingham MJ, Sadler PJ: High resolution 1H n.m.r. studies of vertebrate blood and plasma. Biochem J. 1983 Jun 1;211(3):605-15. [PubMed:6411064 ]
- Sheth NP, Sennett B, Berns JS: Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following arthroscopic knee surgery in a college football player taking creatine supplements. Clin Nephrol. 2006 Feb;65(2):134-7. [PubMed:16509464 ]
- Jenkins CB, Ghidini A, Spong CY, Eglinton GS, Pezzullo JC, Michejda M: Evaluation of early second trimester maternal serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB as a marker of poor pregnancy outcome. Fetal Diagn Ther. 1997 Nov-Dec;12(6):356-9. [PubMed:9475367 ]
- Lukaszuk JM, Robertson RJ, Arch JE, Moyna NM: Effect of a defined lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet and oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on plasma creatine concentration. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Nov;19(4):735-40. [PubMed:16287366 ]
- Preen DB, Dawson BT, Goodman C, Beilby J, Ching S: Comparison of erythrocyte and skeletal muscle creatine accumulation following creatine loading. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Feb;15(1):84-93. [PubMed:15902992 ]
- Poortmans JR, Kumps A, Duez P, Fofonka A, Carpentier A, Francaux M: Effect of oral creatine supplementation on urinary methylamine, formaldehyde, and formate. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Oct;37(10):1717-20. [PubMed:16260971 ]
- Yoshizumi WM, Tsourounis C: Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function. J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(1):1-7. [PubMed:15273072 ]
- Harris RC, Almada AL, Harris DB, Dunnett M, Hespel P: The creatine content of Creatine Serum and the change in the plasma concentration with ingestion of a single dose. J Sports Sci. 2004 Sep;22(9):851-7. [PubMed:15513279 ]
- Mendes RR, Pires I, Oliveira A, Tirapegui J: Effects of creatine supplementation on the performance and body composition of competitive swimmers. J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Aug;15(8):473-8. [PubMed:15302082 ]
- Bales JR, Higham DP, Howe I, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Use of high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for rapid multi-component analysis of urine. Clin Chem. 1984 Mar;30(3):426-32. [PubMed:6321058 ]
- Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, Cederblad G, Greenhaff PL: Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Jul;81(1):232-7. [PubMed:8828669 ]
- Dangott B, Schultz E, Mozdziak PE: Dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation increases satellite cell mitotic activity during compensatory hypertrophy. Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jan;21(1):13-6. [PubMed:10683092 ]
- Hespel P, Op't Eijnde B, Van Leemputte M, Urso B, Greenhaff PL, Labarque V, Dymarkowski S, Van Hecke P, Richter EA: Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 15;536(Pt 2):625-33. [PubMed:11600695 ]
- Juhn M: Popular sports supplements and ergogenic aids. Sports Med. 2003;33(12):921-39. [PubMed:12974658 ]
- Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA, Candow DG: Effect of alpha-lipoic acid combined with creatine monohydrate on human skeletal muscle creatine and phosphagen concentration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Sep;13(3):294-302. [PubMed:14669930 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
|
---|