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Showing metabocard for Ethanol (HMDB0000108)

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IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (68)transporters (1) Show 69 proteinsXML
enzymes (68)transporters (1) Show 69 proteins
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:31 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000108
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00108
Metabolite Identification
Common NameEthanol
DescriptionEthanol is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Indeed, ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol has a depressive effect on the central nervous system and because of its psychoactive effects, it is considered a drug. Ethanol has a complex mode of action and affects multiple systems in the brain, most notably it acts as an agonist to the GABA receptors. Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol level reaches 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. Levels of even less than 0.1% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3-0.4 %. Ethanol is metabolized by the body as an energy-providing carbohydrate nutrient, as it metabolizes into acetyl CoA, an intermediate common with glucose metabolism, that can be used for energy in the citric acid cycle or for biosynthesis. Ethanol within the human body is converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The product of the first step of this breakdown, acetaldehyde, is more toxic than ethanol. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the clinical effects of alcohol. It has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver,[77] multiple forms of cancer, and alcoholism. Industrially, ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Small amounts of ethanol are endogenously produced by gut microflora through anaerobic fermentation. However most ethanol detected in biofluids and tissues likely comes from consumption of alcoholic beverages. Absolute ethanol or anhydrous alcohol generally refers to purified ethanol, containing no more than one percent water. Absolute alcohol is not intended for human consumption. It often contains trace amounts of toxic benzene (used to remove water by azeotropic distillation). Consumption of this form of ethanol can be fatal over a short time period. Generally absolute or pure ethanol is used as a solvent for lab and industrial settings where water will disrupt a desired reaction. Pure ethanol is classed as 200 proof in the USA and Canada, equivalent to 175 degrees proof in the UK system. Ethanol is a general biomarker for the consumption of alcohol. Ethanol is also a metabolite of Hansenula and Saccharomyces (PMID: 14613880 ) (https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0079635206800470/1-s2.0-S0079635206800470-main.pdf?_tid=4d340044-3230-4141-88dd-deec4d2e35bd&acdnat=1550288012_0c4a20fe963843426147979d376cf624).
Structure
Data?1676999671
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)


  Mrv1652309032023522D          

  3  2  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    2.0930   -0.2063    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8075    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5219   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)

HMDB0000108
     RDKit          3D
Ethanol
  9  8  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    0.8034    0.3145    0.0314 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4047   -0.5712    0.0013 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5973    0.1113   -0.1308 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6485    1.2562   -0.5209 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1151    0.4807    1.0925 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6977   -0.1698   -0.4491 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2903   -1.3759   -0.7703 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4627   -1.1265    0.9766 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5096    1.0806   -0.2308 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  1  4  1  0
  1  5  1  0
  1  6  1  0
  2  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  3  9  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)


  Mrv1652309032023522D          

  3  2  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    2.0930   -0.2063    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8075    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5219   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000108

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CCO

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3

> <INCHI_KEY>
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C2H6O

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
46.0684

> <EXACT_MASS>
46.041864814

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
9

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
5.303762677439426

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
ethanol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.40

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.1617691140000001

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
1.10

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
16.47061524791562

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.155552890561707

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
20.23

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
13.0099

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
5.79e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
ethyl alcohol

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)

HMDB0000108
     RDKit          3D
Ethanol
  9  8  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    0.8034    0.3145    0.0314 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4047   -0.5712    0.0013 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5973    0.1113   -0.1308 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6485    1.2562   -0.5209 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1151    0.4807    1.0925 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6977   -0.1698   -0.4491 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2903   -1.3759   -0.7703 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4627   -1.1265    0.9766 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5096    1.0806   -0.2308 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  1  4  1  0
  1  5  1  0
  1  6  1  0
  2  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  3  9  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 03-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   03-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0       3.907  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       5.241   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       6.574  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    3    0    4    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)

COMPND    HMDB0000108
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       0.803   0.315   0.031  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1      -0.405  -0.571   0.001  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O1  UNL     1      -1.597   0.111  -0.131  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  H1  UNL     1       0.648   1.256  -0.521  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    5  H2  UNL     1       1.115   0.481   1.093  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    6  H3  UNL     1       1.698  -0.170  -0.449  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    7  H4  UNL     1      -0.290  -1.376  -0.770  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H5  UNL     1      -0.463  -1.127   0.977  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H6  UNL     1      -1.510   1.081  -0.231  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    4    5    6
CONECT    2    3    7    8
CONECT    3    9
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)

CCO
Download

INCHI for HMDB0000108 (Ethanol)

InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-HydroxyethaneChEBI
[CH2Me(OH)]ChEBI
[OEtH]ChEBI
AlcoholChEBI
Alcohol etilicoChEBI
Alcool ethyliqueChEBI
AlkoholChEBI
AethanolChEBI
AethylalkoholChEBI
C2H5OHChEBI
Dehydrated ethanolChEBI
EtanolChEBI
Ethyl alcoholChEBI
EtOHChEBI
HydroxyethaneChEBI
MethylcarbinolChEBI
Spiritus viniChEBI
Anhydrous ethanolKegg
Absolute alcoholHMDB
Absolute ethanolHMDB
Absolute ethyl alcoholHMDB
Alcare hand degermerHMDB
AlcoholsHMDB
Alcool etilicoHMDB
AlgrainHMDB
Alkoholu etylowegoHMDB
AnhydrolHMDB
Anhydrous alcoholHMDB
Cologne spiritHMDB
Cologne spiritsHMDB
Dehydrated alcoholHMDB
Denatured alcoholHMDB
Denatured ethanolHMDB
Desinfektol elHMDB
Diluted alcoholHMDB
Distilled spiritsHMDB
Ethanol 200 proofHMDB
Ethanol solutionHMDB
EthicapHMDB
Ethyl alcHMDB
Ethyl alcohol anhydrousHMDB
Ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beveragesHMDB
Ethyl alcohol uspHMDB
Ethyl hydrateHMDB
Ethyl hydroxideHMDB
Fermentation alcoholHMDB
Grain alcoholHMDB
HinetolessHMDB
Infinity pureHMDB
JaysolHMDB
Jaysol SHMDB
LuxHMDB
Molasses alcoholHMDB
Potato alcoholHMDB
Punctilious ethyl alcoholHMDB
PyroHMDB
Silent spiritHMDB
SpiritHMDB
Spirits OF wineHMDB
SpirtHMDB
SynasolHMDB
TecsolHMDB
Tecsol CHMDB
ThanolHMDB
Undenatured ethanolHMDB
Alcohol, absoluteHMDB
Alcohol, ethylHMDB
Alcohol, grainHMDB
Chemical FormulaC2H6O
Average Molecular Weight46.0684
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight46.041864814
IUPAC Nameethanol
Traditional Nameethyl alcohol
CAS Registry Number64-17-5
SMILES
CCO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
InChI KeyLFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds comprising the primary alcohol functional group, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassAlcohols and polyols
Direct ParentPrimary alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effectOrganoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Industrial applicationIndirect biological roleBiological role
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point-114.1 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1000 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-0.31HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility579 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.4ALOGPS
logP-0.16ChemAxon
logS1.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area20.23 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity13.01 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability5.3 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+117.86230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-115.96630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-151.28630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+125.56630932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
EthanolCCO821.1Standard polar33892256
EthanolCCO408.8Standard non polar33892256
EthanolCCO428.3Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Ethanol,1TMS,isomer #1CCO[Si](C)(C)C627.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Ethanol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C825.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Ethanol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e12017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Ethanol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e12018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ethanol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-002b-9000000000-7fa80a491183c1cdd23e2016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ethanol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0fmi-9200000000-587cc3c48ab7fbf9cd3a2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ethanol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ethanol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ethanol GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-003s-9000000000-dabf5a61c5a7da9fbe132014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e12012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-d75d9996bc68c673f0902015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-893c2599624722912f252015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-8af4124822065023744f2015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-22231ed69c5f28bfed792015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-d2881505c47bbef13f182015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-2ed988bb761ac20ba44a2015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-5c5e98353b75870c1c552021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-326f4f38d260a85ea4692021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002b-9000000000-f850ab2a079485c4a2762021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-b6602db69e5662ad67a92021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-b6602db69e5662ad67a92021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethanol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-4d0d1c69f8440a7fda182021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Peroxisome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Cortex
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Adrenal Medulla
  • Bladder
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Heart
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Lung
  • Neuron
  • Ovary
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified40.0 (0.0-80.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified15.0 (0.0-33.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00-33.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected and Quantified2344.34 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected and Quantified6063.448 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
FecesDetected and Quantified4102.595 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected and Quantified0-1025576.462 nmol/g wet fecesChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified68.67 +/- 43.27 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified>10 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SweatDetected and Quantified< 10 uMAdult (60 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SweatDetected and Quantified< 10 uMAdult (40 years old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified<0.01 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0105 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified22.896 +/- 13.307 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified3.1 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified40.2 +/- 12.1 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothHeart Transplant details
BloodDetected and Quantified58.8 +/- 72.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified63.7 +/- 54.1 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified33.1 (22.3) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleEarly preeclampsia details
BloodDetected and Quantified49.3 (30.2) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified46.68 (25.73) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect details
BloodDetected and Quantified32.21 (16.46) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified67.7 (42.6) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleLate-onset preeclampsia details
BloodDetected and Quantified56.1 (37.2) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified45393.0 (18027.0-74063.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothAlcohol intoxication details
BloodDetected and Quantified40615.0 +/- 17158.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleDrunk driver details
BloodDetected and Quantified90.0 (10.0-170.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Kidney disease		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified14.4 (10.4) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleDown syndrome pregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified14.1 (8.4) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified230 +/- 30 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedCervical myelopathy details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothAutism details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothPervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Irritable bowel syndrome		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Ulcerative colitis		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Ulcerative colitis		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Crohn's disease 		details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Campylobacter jejuni infection		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Clostridium difficile infection		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Ulcerative Colitis		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifiedasymptomatic diverticulosis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifiedsymptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease details
FecesDetected and Quantified0-2534781.615 nmol/g wet fecesChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Treated celiac disease		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progressor details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothCeliac disease details
UrineDetected and Quantified54.0 (0.0-661.0) umol/mmol creatinineNot SpecifiedBothLung cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0039 - 0.0617 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothADPKD details
UrineDetected and Quantified3543.6 +/- 1414.6 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleDrunk driver details
UrineDetected and Quantified5-500 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
after 4 -5 hours of Alcohol consumption 		details
UrineDetected and Quantified17.217 +/- 12.367 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Cardiosvacular risk		 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Kidney disease
  1. Liebich HM, Woll J: Volatile substances in blood serum: profile analysis and quantitative determination. J Chromatogr. 1977 Nov 11;142:505-16. [PubMed:914932 ]
Alcoholism
  1. Jones AW, Lund M, Andersson E: Drinking drivers in Sweden who consume denatured alcohol preparations: an analytical-toxicological study. J Anal Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Aug;13(4):199-203. [PubMed:2779169 ]
  2. Jones AW, Helander A: Changes in the concentrations of ethanol, methanol and metabolites of serotonin in two successive urinary voids from drinking drivers. Forensic Sci Int. 1998 May 11;93(2-3):127-34. [PubMed:9717263 ]
Early preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
Pregnancy
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
  2. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
  3. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ]
  4. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ]
  5. Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
Late-onset preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
Cervical myelopathy
  1. Meshitsuka S, Morio Y, Nagashima H, Teshima R: 1H-NMR studies of cerebrospinal fluid: endogenous ethanol in patients with cervical myelopathy. Clin Chim Acta. 2001 Oct;312(1-2):25-30. [PubMed:11580906 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17314143 ]
  2. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  3. De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):447-58. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423. Epub 2014 May 8. [PubMed:24811995 ]
  4. Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  1. Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillev