Showing metabocard for L-Glutamic acid (HMDB0000148)

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The preferred substrate is glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, other substrates include succinic, glutaric and adipic semialdehydes.

Gene Name:

ALDH4A1

Uniprot ID:

P30038

Molecular weight:

55117.24

Reactions

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.

Gene Name:

GSR

Uniprot ID:

P00390

Molecular weight:

56256.565

General function:

Involved in metabolic process

Specific function:

Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins.

Gene Name:

GFPT2

Uniprot ID:

O94808

Molecular weight:

76929.885

Reactions

General function:

Involved in metabolic process

Specific function:

Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins.

Gene Name:

GFPT1

Uniprot ID:

Q06210

Molecular weight:

78805.81

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine.

Gene Name:

ABAT

Uniprot ID:

P80404

Molecular weight:

56438.405

Reactions

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
3. Imai H, Okuno T, Wu JY, Lee TJ: GABAergic innervation in cerebral blood vessels: an immunohistochemical demonstration of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA transaminase. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1991 Jan;11(1):129-34. [PubMed:1983997 ]
4. Happola O, Paivarinta H, Soinila S, Wu JY, Panula P: Localization of L-glutamate decarboxylase and GABA transaminase immunoreactivity in the sympathetic ganglia of the rat. Neuroscience. 1987 Apr;21(1):271-81. [PubMed:3299141 ]
5. Far SR, Millimoria FR: Levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), gamma amino butyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GLDH) and proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of certain neurological disorders. Indian J Med Sci. 1996 Apr;50(4):99-102. [PubMed:8979623 ]

General function:

Involved in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity

Specific function:

Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, using glutamic acid, with 2-oxoglutarate as cosubstrate (in vitro). Has much lower affinity and transaminase activity towards phenylalanine.

Gene Name:

TAT

Uniprot ID:

P17735

Molecular weight:

50398.895

Reactions

References

1. Ozturk M, Chiu CY, Akdeniz N, Jenq SF, Chang SC, Hsa CY, Jap TS: Two novel mutations in the MEN1 gene in subjects with multiple endocrine neoplasia-1. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006 Jun;29(6):523-7. [PubMed:16840830 ]

General function:

Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups

Specific function:

Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GOT1

Uniprot ID:

P17174

Molecular weight:

46247.14

Reactions

References

1. Yudkoff M, Daikhin Y, Melo TM, Nissim I, Sonnewald U, Nissim I: The ketogenic diet and brain metabolism of amino acids: relationship to the anticonvulsant effect. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:415-30. [PubMed:17444813 ]

General function:

Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups

Specific function:

Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism. Important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. Facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids.

Gene Name:

GOT2

Uniprot ID:

P00505

Molecular weight:

47517.285

Reactions

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
3. Recasens M, Mandel P: Similarities between cysteinesulphinate transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase. Ciba Found Symp. 1979;(72):259-70. [PubMed:261660 ]
4. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.

Gene Name:

BCAT1

Uniprot ID:

P54687

Molecular weight:

38644.77

Reactions

References

1. Smirnov SV, Samsonova NN, Novikova AE, Matrosov NG, Rushkevich NY, Kodera T, Ogawa J, Yamanaka H, Shimizu S: A novel strategy for enzymatic synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine: identification of an enzyme possessing HMKP (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate) aldolase activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Aug;273(1):70-7. Epub 2007 Jun 6. [PubMed:17559390 ]

General function:

Involved in amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

PPAT

Uniprot ID:

Q06203

Molecular weight:

57398.52

Reactions