Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2021-09-14 15:47:20 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0001282 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Diadenosine hexaphosphate |
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Description | Diadenosine hexaphosphate (AP6A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are AP3A, AP4A, AP5A, and AP6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP6A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP6A have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. AP6A have been identified in human platelets and shown to be an important modulator of cardiovascular function. (PMID: 11212966 , 12738682 , 11810214 , 9607303 , 8922753 , 16401072 , 12738682 , 10094777 ). |
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Structure | NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]4O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)N4C=NC5=C(N)N=CN=C45)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1 InChI=1S/C20H30N10O25P6/c21-15-9-17(25-3-23-15)29(5-27-9)19-13(33)11(31)7(49-19)1-47-56(35,36)51-58(39,40)53-60(43,44)55-61(45,46)54-59(41,42)52-57(37,38)48-2-8-12(32)14(34)20(50-8)30-6-28-10-16(22)24-4-26-18(10)30/h3-8,11-14,19-20,31-34H,1-2H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H,45,46)(H2,21,23,25)(H2,22,24,26)/t7-,8-,11-,12-,13-,14-,19-,20-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Adenosine 5'-hexaphosphate 5'-ester with adenosine | ChEBI | Adenosine-(5')-hexaphospho-(5')-adenosine | ChEBI | Ap(6)a | ChEBI | AP6a | ChEBI | AppppppA | ChEBI | Diadenosine 5',5''''-P1,P6-hexaphosphate | ChEBI | P1,P6-Di(adenosine-5')hexaphosphate | ChEBI | Adenosine 5'-hexaphosphoric acid 5'-ester with adenosine | Generator | Diadenosine 5',5''''-P1,P6-hexaphosphoric acid | Generator | P1,P6-Di(adenosine-5')hexaphosphoric acid | Generator | Diadenosine hexaphosphoric acid | Generator | Adenosine 5'-(heptahydrogen hexaphosphate) p->5'-ester with adenosine | HMDB | Adenosine 5'-(heptahydrogen hexaphosphate)5'-5'-ester with adenosine | HMDB | P1,P6-Bis(5'-adenosyl)hexaphosphoric acid | HMDB | p(1),p(6)-Bis(5'-adenosyl)hexaphosphoric acid | HMDB | Diadenosine hexaphosphate | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C20H30N10O25P6 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 996.3468 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 995.980925632 |
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IUPAC Name | {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}({[({[({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinic acid |
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Traditional Name | AppppppA |
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CAS Registry Number | 56983-23-4 |
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SMILES | NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]4O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)N4C=NC5=C(N)N=CN=C45)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C20H30N10O25P6/c21-15-9-17(25-3-23-15)29(5-27-9)19-13(33)11(31)7(49-19)1-47-56(35,36)51-58(39,40)53-60(43,44)55-61(45,46)54-59(41,42)52-57(37,38)48-2-8-12(32)14(34)20(50-8)30-6-28-10-16(22)24-4-26-18(10)30/h3-8,11-14,19-20,31-34H,1-2H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H,45,46)(H2,21,23,25)(H2,22,24,26)/t7-,8-,11-,12-,13-,14-,19-,20-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | PZCFFCOJNXGTIM-XPWFQUROSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as (5'->5')-dinucleotides. These are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5'->5')-phosphodiester linkage. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues |
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Class | (5'->5')-dinucleotides |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | (5'->5')-dinucleotides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - (5'->5')-dinucleotide
- Purine ribonucleoside polyphosphate
- Purine nucleotide sugar
- Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
- Pentose phosphate
- Pentose-5-phosphate
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- 6-aminopurine
- Monosaccharide phosphate
- Purine
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Aminopyrimidine
- Alkyl phosphate
- Monosaccharide
- N-substituted imidazole
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Pyrimidine
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Imidolactam
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Imidazole
- Azole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Secondary alcohol
- Azacycle
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Alcohol
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Amine
- Primary amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available |
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Spectra |
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| MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0910110002-59d115c90a4481a6b007 | 2015-09-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-d3bcef479d59e691d5b8 | 2015-09-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-8dec47b8f02e8a6ac5a7 | 2015-09-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000x-0700000209-de23da8b809775f36d57 | 2015-09-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-0900000200-eec87d1063e1b19d703a | 2015-09-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-003r-1902401000-c06f9d4097503496c4b3 | 2015-09-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-0000000009-1da203db6bf6303096a0 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-0100001329-9afe5ff0f93ff13bf2a8 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000b-0103149204-ccb4974c1451a6de78f3 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-0100000009-e59c713225edd8e0460d | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-0300000039-0a05007bbbf9147ab5f0 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine hexaphosphate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000110-66251e85696bf2211dd4 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.10 +/- 0.10 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Hemodialysis | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Hemodialysis |
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- Jankowski J, Jankowski V, Laufer U, van der Giet M, Henning L, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: Identification and quantification of diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1231-8. Epub 2003 May 8. [PubMed:12738682 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB022533 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 110267 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C20190 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 123694 |
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PDB ID | B6P |
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ChEBI ID | 63689 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Sawai, Hiroaki; Inaba, Toshiko; Hirano, Atsushi; Wakai, Hiromichi; Shimazu, Masamitsu. Magnesium(II) ion-mediated conversion of mono- and oligonucleotides to 5'-polyphosphates in aqueous solution. Tetrahedron Letters (1993), 34(30), 4801-4. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Yang X, Safrany ST, Shears SB: Site-directed mutagenesis of diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase, a dual specificity NUDT enzyme that attacks diadenosine polyphosphates and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 10;274(50):35434-40. [PubMed:10585413 ]
- Jankowski J, Potthoff W, van der Giet M, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of the diadenosine polyphosphates in human platelets. Anal Biochem. 1999 Apr 10;269(1):72-8. [PubMed:10094777 ]
- Flores NA, Stavrou BM, Sheridan DJ: The effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res. 1999 Apr;42(1):15-26. [PubMed:10434992 ]
- Jankowski J, Tepel M, van der Giet M, Tente IM, Henning L, Junker R, Zidek W, Schluter H: Identification and characterization of P(1), P(7)-Di(adenosine-5')-heptaphosphate from human platelets. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 20;274(34):23926-31. [PubMed:10446159 ]
- Luo J, Jankowski J, Tepel M, von Der Giet M, Zidek W, Schluter H: Identification of diadenosine hexaphosphate in human erythrocytes. Hypertension. 1999 Oct;34(4 Pt 2):872-5. [PubMed:10523376 ]
- Conant AR, Fisher MJ, McLennan AG, Simpson AW: Diadenosine polyphosphates are largely ineffective as agonists at natively expressed P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) receptors on cultured human saphenous vein endothelial cells. J Vasc Res. 2000 Nov-Dec;37(6):548-55. [PubMed:11146409 ]
- Hollah P, Hausberg M, Kosch M, Barenbrock M, Letzel M, Schlatter E, Rahn KH: A novel assay for determination of diadenosine polyphosphates in human platelets: studies in normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2001 Feb;19(2):237-45. [PubMed:11212966 ]
- Patel K, Barnes A, Camacho J, Paterson C, Boughtflower R, Cousens D, Marshall F: Activity of diadenosine polyphosphates at P2Y receptors stably expressed in 1321N1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Nov 2;430(2-3):203-10. [PubMed:11711032 ]
- Steinmetz M, Janssen AK, Pelster F, Rahn KH, Schlatter E: Vasoactivity of diadenosine polyphosphates in human small mesenteric resistance arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):787-94. [PubMed:12130745 ]
- Miras-Portugal MT, Pintor J, Gualix J: Ca2+ signalling in brain synaptosomes activated by dinucleotides. J Membr Biol. 2003 Jul 1;194(1):1-10. [PubMed:14502438 ]
- Luo J, Jankowski V, Gungar N, Neumann J, Schmitz W, Zidek W, Schluter H, Jankowski J: Endogenous diadenosine tetraphosphate, diadenosine pentaphosphate, and diadenosine hexaphosphate in human myocardial tissue. Hypertension. 2004 May;43(5):1055-9. Epub 2004 Apr 5. [PubMed:15066958 ]
- Stavrou BM: Diadenosine polyphosphates: postulated mechanisms mediating the cardiac effects. Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2003 Jun;1(2):151-69. [PubMed:15320695 ]
- Davies G, MacAllister RJ, Bogle RG, Vallance P: Effect of diadenosine phosphates on human umbilical vessels: novel platelet-derived vasoconstrictors. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Aug;40(2):170-2. [PubMed:8562302 ]
- Tepel M, Lowe S, Nofer JR, Assmann G, Schluter H, Zidek W: Diadenosine polyphosphates regulate cytosolic calcium in human fibroblast cells by interaction with P2x purinoceptors coupled to phospholipase C. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 13;1312(2):145-50. [PubMed:8672537 ]
- Vahlensieck U, Boknik P, Knapp J, Linck B, Muller FU, Neumann J, Herzig S, Schluter H, Zidek W, Deng MC, Scheld HH, Schmitz W: Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects exerted by diadenosine hexaphosphate (AP6A) via A1-adenosine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;119(5):835-44. [PubMed:8922729 ]
- Gasmi L, McLennan AG, Edwards SW: Neutrophil apoptosis is delayed by the diadenosine polyphosphates, Ap5A and Ap6A: synergism with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Br J Haematol. 1996 Dec;95(4):637-9. [PubMed:8982038 ]
- Ogilvie A, Blasius R, Schulze-Lohoff E, Sterzel RB: Adenine dinucleotides: a novel class of signalling molecules. J Auton Pharmacol. 1996 Dec;16(6):325-8. [PubMed:9131408 ]
- Jankowski J, Schluter H, Tepel M, Spieker C, Zidek W: Effect of diadenosine polyphosphates on Ca2+ ATPase activity. J Mol Med (Berl). 1997 Sep;75(9):674-7. [PubMed:9351706 ]
- Stachon A, Stegemann H, Hohage H, Rahn KH, Schlatter E: Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 1998;8(4):175-84. [PubMed:9694344 ]
- Pintor J, Carracedo G, Alonso MC, Bautista A, Peral A: Presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in human tears. Pflugers Arch. 2002 Jan;443(3):432-6. Epub 2001 Aug 23. [PubMed:11810214 ]
- Jankowski J, Jankowski V, Laufer U, van der Giet M, Henning L, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: Identification and quantification of diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1231-8. Epub 2003 May 8. [PubMed:12738682 ]
- Kisselev LL, Justesen J, Wolfson AD, Frolova LY: Diadenosine oligophosphates (Ap(n)A), a novel class of signalling molecules? FEBS Lett. 1998 May 8;427(2):157-63. [PubMed:9607303 ]
- Pintor J, King BF, Miras-Portugal MT, Burnstock G: Selectivity and activity of adenine dinucleotides at recombinant P2X2 and P2Y1 purinoceptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;119(5):1006-12. [PubMed:8922753 ]
- Baker MD, Holloway DE, Swaminathan GJ, Acharya KR: Crystal structures of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) in complex with the inhibitors 5'-ATP, Ap3A, Ap4A, and Ap5A. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 17;45(2):416-26. [PubMed:16401072 ]
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