| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-08-12 19:15:31 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:37 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0003352 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Menthol |
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| Description | Menthol is an alcohol produced from mint oils or prepared synthetically. Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. It is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (-)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. |
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| Structure | CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C10H20O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)6-10(9)11/h7-11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+,10-/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (-)-(1R,3R,4S)-Menthol | ChEBI | | (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-5-Methyl-2(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | ChEBI | | (1R,3R,4S)-(-)-Menthol | ChEBI | | (1R-(1-alpha,2-beta,5-alpha))-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | ChEBI | | L-Menthol | ChEBI | | Levomenthol | ChEBI | | Levomentholum | ChEBI | | Levomentol | ChEBI | | (1a,2b,5a)-5-Methyl-2(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | Generator | | (1Α,2β,5α)-5-methyl-2(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | Generator | | (1R-(1-a,2-b,5-a))-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | Generator | | (1R-(1-Α,2-β,5-α))-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | Generator | | (-)-Menthyl alcohol | HMDB | | (-)-trans-p-Menthan-cis-ol | HMDB | | (1R)-(-)-Menthol | HMDB | | (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-Menthol | HMDB | | (R)-(-)-Menthol | HMDB | | 1-Menthol | HMDB | | 2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol | HMDB | | 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | HMDB | | 5-Methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol | HMDB | | D-(-)-Menthol | HMDB | | Hexahydrothymol | HMDB | | L-(-)-Menthol | HMDB | | Menthacamphor | HMDB | | Menthomenthol | HMDB | | p-Menthan-3-ol | HMDB | | Peppermint camphor | HMDB | | U.S.p. menthol | HMDB | | Kerasal | HMDB | | Menthol, (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-isomer | HMDB | | Menthol | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H20O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 156.269 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 156.151415264 |
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| IUPAC Name | (1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol |
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| Traditional Name | menthol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 2216-51-5 |
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| SMILES | CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H20O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)6-10(9)11/h7-11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+,10-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Menthane monoterpenoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - P-menthane monoterpenoid
- Monocyclic monoterpenoid
- Cyclohexanol
- Cyclic alcohol
- Secondary alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 43 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 0.49 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | | LogP | 3.40 | GRIFFIN,S ET AL. (1999) |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 4.36 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 14.836 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 3.29 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 26.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2101.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 481.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 172.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 261.0 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 337.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 681.4 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 677.8 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 102.0 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1131.4 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 441.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1362.2 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 365.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 371.2 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 396.2 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 475.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 13.3 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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| Spectra |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | - Extracellular
- Membrane (predicted from logP)
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | - Bladder
- Epidermis
- Neuron
- Skeletal Muscle
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.064 (0.033 - 0.159) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progressor | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Celiac disease | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Breast cancer | | details |
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| Predicted Concentrations |
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| Blood | 0.000 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | Predicted based on drug qualities |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
| | Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified |
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- De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
| | Celiac disease |
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- Francavilla R, Ercolini D, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Filippis F, De Pasquale I, Di Cagno R, Di Toma M, Gozzi G, Serrazanetti DI, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M: Salivary microbiota and metabolome associated with celiac disease. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Jun;80(11):3416-25. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00362-14. Epub 2014 Mar 21. [PubMed:24657864 ]
| | Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment |
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- Silva CL, Passos M, Camara JS: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. Talanta. 2012 Jan 30;89:360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.041. Epub 2011 Dec 22. [PubMed:22284503 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | DB00825 |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB014499 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00000810 |
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| Chemspider ID | 15803 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C00400 |
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| BioCyc ID | --MENTHOL |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Menthol |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 16666 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 15409 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Bergner, Eike Johannes; Ebel, Klaus; Johann, Thorsten; Loeber, Oliver. Method for the production of menthol. PCT Int. Appl. (2006), 32 pp. |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Story GM, Peier AM, Reeve AJ, Eid SR, Mosbacher J, Hricik TR, Earley TJ, Hergarden AC, Andersson DA, Hwang SW, McIntyre P, Jegla T, Bevan S, Patapoutian A: ANKTM1, a TRP-like channel expressed in nociceptive neurons, is activated by cold temperatures. Cell. 2003 Mar 21;112(6):819-29. [PubMed:12654248 ]
- Stein RJ, Santos S, Nagatomi J, Hayashi Y, Minnery BS, Xavier M, Patel AS, Nelson JB, Futrell WJ, Yoshimura N, Chancellor MB, De Miguel F: Cool (TRPM8) and hot (TRPV1) receptors in the bladder and male genital tract. J Urol. 2004 Sep;172(3):1175-8. [PubMed:15311065 ]
- Eccles R: Menthol and related cooling compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1994 Aug;46(8):618-30. [PubMed:7529306 ]
- Haeseler G, Maue D, Grosskreutz J, Bufler J, Nentwig B, Piepenbrock S, Dengler R, Leuwer M: Voltage-dependent block of neuronal and skeletal muscle sodium channels by thymol and menthol. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2002 Aug;19(8):571-9. [PubMed:12200946 ]
- Stich HF, Stich W: Chromosome-damaging activity of saliva of betel nut and tobacco chewers. Cancer Lett. 1982 Mar-Apr;15(3):193-202. [PubMed:7116324 ]
- Haahr AM, Bardow A, Thomsen CE, Jensen SB, Nauntofte B, Bakke M, Adler-Nissen J, Bredie WL: Release of peppermint flavour compounds from chewing gum: effect of oral functions. Physiol Behav. 2004 Sep 15;82(2-3):531-40. [PubMed:15276819 ]
- Mukerji G, Yiangou Y, Corcoran SL, Selmer IS, Smith GD, Benham CD, Bountra C, Agarwal SK, Anand P: Cool and menthol receptor TRPM8 in human urinary bladder disorders and clinical correlations. BMC Urol. 2006 Mar 6;6:6. [PubMed:16519806 ]
- Rohacs T, Lopes CM, Michailidis I, Logothetis DE: PI(4,5)P2 regulates the activation and desensitization of TRPM8 channels through the TRP domain. Nat Neurosci. 2005 May;8(5):626-34. Epub 2005 Apr 24. [PubMed:15852009 ]
- Valdez JS, Martin DK, Mayersohn M: Sensitive and selective gas chromatographic methods for the quantitation of camphor, menthol and methyl salicylate from human plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 Jun 11;729(1-2):163-71. [PubMed:10410939 ]
- Gelal A, Jacob P 3rd, Yu L, Benowitz NL: Disposition kinetics and effects of menthol. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Aug;66(2):128-35. [PubMed:10460066 ]
- Grigoleit HG, Grigoleit P: Pharmacology and preclinical pharmacokinetics of peppermint oil. Phytomedicine. 2005 Aug;12(8):612-6. [PubMed:16121523 ]
- Xu H, Blair NT, Clapham DE: Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8924-37. [PubMed:16192383 ]
- Narishetty ST, Panchagnula R: Effect of L-menthol and 1,8-cineole on phase behavior and molecular organization of SC lipids and skin permeation of zidovudine. J Control Release. 2005 Jan 20;102(1):59-70. [PubMed:15653134 ]
- Prescott J: The generalizability of capsaicin sensitization and desensitization. Physiol Behav. 1999 Jul;66(5):741-9. [PubMed:10405101 ]
- Liu Y, Ye X, Feng X, Zhou G, Rong Z, Fang C, Chen H: Menthol facilitates the skin analgesic effect of tetracaine gel. Int J Pharm. 2005 Nov 23;305(1-2):31-6. Epub 2005 Oct 10. [PubMed:16219435 ]
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