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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:35 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014351
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14351
Metabolite Identification
Common NameReserpine
DescriptionReserpine, also known as apoplon or serpalan, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as yohimbine alkaloids. These are alkaloids containing the pentacyclic yohimban skeleton. The Yohimbinoid alkaloids contain a carbocyclic ring E arising through C-17 to C-18 bond formation in a corynantheine precursor. Reserpine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Reserpine is a potentially toxic compound. An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.
Structure
Data?1582753168
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-ReserpineChEBI
(3beta,16beta,17alpha,18beta,20alpha)-11,17-Dimethoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]yohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl esterChEBI
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl methyl reserpateChEBI
ApoplonChEBI
ReserpinChEBI
SerpalanChEBI
(3b,16b,17a,18b,20a)-11,17-Dimethoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]yohimban-16-carboxylate methyl esterGenerator
(3b,16b,17a,18b,20a)-11,17-Dimethoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]yohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl esterGenerator
(3beta,16beta,17alpha,18beta,20alpha)-11,17-Dimethoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]yohimban-16-carboxylate methyl esterGenerator
(3Β,16β,17α,18β,20α)-11,17-dimethoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]yohimban-16-carboxylate methyl esterGenerator
(3Β,16β,17α,18β,20α)-11,17-dimethoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]yohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl esterGenerator
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl methyl reserpic acidGenerator
RausedilHMDB
SerpasilHMDB
V SerpHMDB
V-SerpHMDB
RaupasilHMDB
SerpiviteHMDB
RaunervilHMDB
Vitarine brand OF reserpineHMDB
RausedylHMDB
Vangarde brand OF reserpineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC33H40N2O9
Average Molecular Weight608.6787
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight608.273380888
IUPAC Namemethyl (1R,15S,17R,18R,19S,20S)-6,18-dimethoxy-17-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyloxy)-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2(10),4(9),5,7-tetraene-19-carboxylate
Traditional Namereserpine
CAS Registry Number50-55-5
SMILES
[H][C@]12C[C@@H](OC(=O)C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@]1([H])C[C@@]1([H])N(CCC3=C1NC1=C3C=CC(OC)=C1)C2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C33H40N2O9/c1-38-19-7-8-20-21-9-10-35-16-18-13-27(44-32(36)17-11-25(39-2)30(41-4)26(12-17)40-3)31(42-5)28(33(37)43-6)22(18)15-24(35)29(21)34-23(20)14-19/h7-8,11-12,14,18,22,24,27-28,31,34H,9-10,13,15-16H2,1-6H3/t18-,22+,24-,27-,28+,31+/m1/s1
InChI KeyQEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as yohimbine alkaloids. These are alkaloids containing the pentacyclic yohimban skeleton. The Yohimbinoid alkaloids contain a carbocyclic ring E arising through C-17 to C-18 bond formation in a corynantheine precursor.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassAlkaloids and derivatives
ClassYohimbine alkaloids
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentYohimbine alkaloids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Yohimbine
  • Corynanthean skeleton
  • Yohimbine alkaloid
  • Pyridoindole
  • Beta-carboline
  • Gallic acid or derivatives
  • P-methoxybenzoic acid or derivatives
  • M-methoxybenzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzoate ester
  • 3-alkylindole
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • Benzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzoyl
  • Phenol ether
  • Anisole
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Methoxybenzene
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Aralkylamine
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Benzenoid
  • Piperidine
  • Pyrrole
  • Methyl ester
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Tertiary amine
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Ether
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Azacycle
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point264.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.011 g/LNot Available
LogP3.2Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-McLean266.4930932474
[M+H]+McLean252.1830932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.011 g/LALOGPS
logP4.05ALOGPS
logP3.53ChemAxon
logS-4.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.29ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.56ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area117.78 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
Refractivity161.42 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability66.05 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings6ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-258.89530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+232.67430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+241.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+240.632859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+242.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+243.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-236.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-239.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-242.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Reserpine[H][C@]12C[C@@H](OC(=O)C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@]1([H])C[C@@]1([H])N(CCC3=C1NC1=C3C=CC(OC)=C1)C25698.0Standard polar33892256
Reserpine[H][C@]12C[C@@H](OC(=O)C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@]1([H])C[C@@]1([H])N(CCC3=C1NC1=C3C=CC(OC)=C1)C24492.9Standard non polar33892256
Reserpine[H][C@]12C[C@@H](OC(=O)C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@]1([H])C[C@@]1([H])N(CCC3=C1NC1=C3C=CC(OC)=C1)C24820.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Reserpine,1TMS,isomer #1COC(=O)[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(CCN3C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)[C@@H]1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N4[Si](C)(C)C4595.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Reserpine,1TMS,isomer #1COC(=O)[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(CCN3C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)[C@@H]1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N4[Si](C)(C)C4482.4Standard non polar33892256
Reserpine,1TMS,isomer #1COC(=O)[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(CCN3C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)[C@@H]1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N4[Si](C)(C)C6436.0Standard polar33892256
Reserpine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC(=O)[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(CCN3C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)[C@@H]1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N4[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4733.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Reserpine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC(=O)[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(CCN3C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)[C@@H]1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N4[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4638.7Standard non polar33892256
Reserpine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC(=O)[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(CCN3C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)[C@@H]1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N4[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C6367.6Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Reserpine EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-052b-0944108000-d2416a07c507dd693e2b2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Reserpine EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-052b-0944108000-d2416a07c507dd693e2b2018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Reserpine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0002-0549060000-793104ae04e2579416892017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0002-2943000000-8f7998aa667566277f3f2014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0000090000-a4f3a4e74644a66e87052017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0000090000-22aa398156f73127b4592017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0000090000-1a35ce10a9657b9788452017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0000090000-f1a507980fe5d4bc47a42017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0108920000-d8cec36e08efb0c1e16e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0000009000-2bafaa3238dfda9f49892017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0916102000-d591ae99a68ca35e63b72017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-006t-0911000000-1cb6207a1835b7efb13a2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-00dj-0910000000-550f1f23f96cefe748492017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-05gi-1910000000-9dd2d1b6087fe8b9d1c92017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-1910000000-7038e3a2f74fff79f2202017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0000009000-ea7c0832701dc10b32662017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0916103000-b1128c59f469bc4d949f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-006t-0911000000-8109e56a0558f3f606592017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-00dj-0910000000-c3773763c7f72b03b2342017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-05gi-1910000000-21728d59759dc657e49b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-1910000000-bf727df9cb8b3d8296a02017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0108920000-29c40cb6bef71c53750f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0000009000-0004d3aa672941e611c52017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0004069000-dbc0a3b6edf66c8683bd2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-054k-0205093000-0c6931938051f0e1a7212016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-066r-6438290000-e3ef63fc93c29206b47c2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0120029000-1e1e860a71102dcc5e5b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-092c-0321092000-7fe3c97e8909b5c375992016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Reserpine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01t9-2940040000-c9fe57795b1118e171f42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00206 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00206 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00206
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001763
Chemspider ID5566
KEGG Compound IDC06539
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkReserpine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5770
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28487
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Authors unspecified: Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. JAMA. 1979 Dec 7;242(23):2562-71. [PubMed:490882 ]
  2. Authors unspecified: Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1991 Jun 26;265(24):3255-64. [PubMed:2046107 ]
  3. Moser M: "Cost containment" in the management of hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Jul;107(1):107-9. [PubMed:3592424 ]
  4. Authors unspecified: Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. JAMA. 1967 Dec 11;202(11):1028-34. [PubMed:4862069 ]
  5. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ: The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003 May 21;289(19):2560-72. Epub 2003 May 14. [PubMed:12748199 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Involved in the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of biogenic amine neurotransmitters. Pumps cytosolic monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine into synaptic vesicles. Requisite for vesicular amine storage prior to secretion via exocytosis
Gene Name:
SLC18A2
Uniprot ID:
Q05940
Molecular weight:
55712.1
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Sievert MK, Hajipour AR, Ruoho AE: Specific derivatization of the vesicle monoamine transporter with novel carrier-free radioiodinated reserpine and tetrabenazine photoaffinity labels. Anal Biochem. 2007 Aug 1;367(1):68-78. Epub 2007 May 3. [PubMed:17559790 ]
  4. Naudon L, Leroux-Nicollet I, Raisman-Vozari R, Botton D, Costentin J: Time-course of modifications elicited by reserpine on the density and mRNA synthesis of the vesicular monoamine transporter, and on the density of the membrane dopamine uptake complex. Synapse. 1995 Sep;21(1):29-36. [PubMed:8525459 ]
  5. Erickson JD, Eiden LE, Hoffman BJ: Expression cloning of a reserpine-sensitive vesicular monoamine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10993-7. [PubMed:1438304 ]
  6. Mandela P, Chandley M, Xu YY, Zhu MY, Ordway GA: Reserpine-induced reduction in norepinephrine transporter function requires catecholamine storage vesicles. Neurochem Int. 2010 May-Jun;56(6-7):760-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.02.011. Epub 2010 Feb 20. [PubMed:20176067 ]
  7. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter
Gene Name:
ABCC2
Uniprot ID:
Q92887
Molecular weight:
174205.6
References
  1. Tang F, Horie K, Borchardt RT: Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MRP2 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa? Pharm Res. 2002 Jun;19(6):773-9. [PubMed:12134946 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes
Gene Name:
ABCB11
Uniprot ID:
O95342
Molecular weight:
146405.8
References
  1. Wang EJ, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Fluorescent substrates of sister-P-glycoprotein (BSEP) evaluated as markers of active transport and inhibition: evidence for contingent unequal binding sites. Pharm Res. 2003 Apr;20(4):537-44. [PubMed:12739759 ]
  2. Lecureur V, Sun D, Hargrove P, Schuetz EG, Kim RB, Lan LB, Schuetz JD: Cloning and expression of murine sister of P-glycoprotein reveals a more discriminating transporter than MDR1/P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):24-35. [PubMed:10617675 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Geick A, Eichelbaum M, Burk O: Nuclear receptor response elements mediate induction of intestinal MDR1 by rifampin. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 4;276(18):14581-7. Epub 2001 Jan 31. [PubMed:11297522 ]
  2. Schuetz EG, Beck WT, Schuetz JD: Modulators and substrates of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P4503A coordinately up-regulate these proteins in human colon carcinoma cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 Feb;49(2):311-8. [PubMed:8632764 ]
  3. Wang EJ, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Active transport of fluorescent P-glycoprotein substrates: evaluation as markers and interaction with inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Nov 30;289(2):580-5. [PubMed:11716514 ]
  4. Ekins S, Kim RB, Leake BF, Dantzig AH, Schuetz EG, Lan LB, Yasuda K, Shepard RL, Winter MA, Schuetz JD, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships of inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 May;61(5):964-73. [PubMed:11961113 ]
  5. Tang F, Horie K, Borchardt RT: Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa? Pharm Res. 2002 Jun;19(6):765-72. [PubMed:12134945 ]
  6. Horie K, Tang F, Borchardt RT: Isolation and characterization of Caco-2 subclones expressing high levels of multidrug resistance protein efflux transporter. Pharm Res. 2003 Feb;20(2):161-8. [PubMed:12636153 ]
  7. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. [PubMed:14985103 ]
  8. Yasuda K, Lan LB, Sanglard D, Furuya K, Schuetz JD, Schuetz EG: Interaction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors with P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):323-32. [PubMed:12235267 ]
  9. Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. [PubMed:11602674 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase
Gene Name:
SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:
O15245
Molecular weight:
61187.4
References
  1. Grundemann D, Gorboulev V, Gambaryan S, Veyhl M, Koepsell H: Drug excretion mediated by a new prototype of polyspecific transporter. Nature. 1994 Dec 8;372(6506):549-52. [PubMed:7990927 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity
Gene Name:
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID:
O15244
Molecular weight:
62564.0
References
  1. Grundemann D, Koster S, Kiefer N, Breidert T, Engelhardt M, Spitzenberger F, Obermuller N, Schomig E: Transport of monoamine transmitters by the organic cation transporter type 2, OCT2. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 20;273(47):30915-20. [PubMed:9812985 ]