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Showing metabocard for Chlorzoxazone (HMDB0014500)
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Version | 4.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | Expected but not Quantified | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creation Date | 2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Update Date | 2020-02-26 21:39:46 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HMDB ID | HMDB0014500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary Accession Numbers |
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Metabolite Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name | Chlorzoxazone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Chlorzoxazone, also known as paraflex or parafon forte DSC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoxazolones. These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to an oxazole ring (a five-member aliphatic ring with three carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and one nitrogen atom) bearing a ketone group. Chlorzoxazone is a drug which is used for the relief of discomfort associated with acute painful musculoskeletal conditions. Chlorzoxazone is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Chlorzoxazone may act by inhibiting calcium and potassium influx which would lead to neuronal inhibition and muscle relaxation. The clinical result is a reduction of the skeletal muscle spasm with relief of pain and increased mobility of the involved muscles. Chlorzoxazone inhibits degranulation of mast cells, subsequently preventing the release of histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), mediators of type I allergic reactions. Chlorzoxazone also may reduce the release of inflammatory leukotrienes. Chlorzoxazone is rapidly metabolized in the liver and is excreted in the urine, primarily in a conjugated form as the glucuronide. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally-acting agent for painful musculoskeletal conditions. Oral, mouse: LD50 = 440 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 763 mg/kg; Symptoms of overdose include diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, light-headedness, nausea, and vomiting. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms |
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Chemical Formula | C7H4ClNO2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Molecular Weight | 169.565 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 168.993056084 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IUPAC Name | 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Name | chlorzoxazone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Registry Number | 95-25-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMILES | ClC1=CC2=C(OC(=O)N2)C=C1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H4ClNO2/c8-4-1-2-6-5(3-4)9-7(10)11-6/h1-3H,(H,9,10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI Key | TZFWDZFKRBELIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoxazolones. These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to an oxazole ring (a five-member aliphatic ring with three carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and one nitrogen atom) bearing a ketone group. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kingdom | Organic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class | Benzoxazoles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sub Class | Benzoxazolones | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct Parent | Benzoxazolones | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternative Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Substituents |
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Descriptors |
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Ontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disposition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Role | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental Properties |
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Predicted Properties |
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Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cellular Locations |
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Biospecimen Locations |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pathways |
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Normal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Abnormal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Associated Disorders and Diseases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disease References | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Associated OMIM IDs | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DrugBank ID | DB00356 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FooDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
KNApSAcK ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemspider ID | 2632 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
KEGG Compound ID | C07931 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BioCyc ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BiGG ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia Link | Chlorzoxazone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
METLIN ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PubChem Compound | 2733 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PDB ID | CLW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ChEBI ID | 3655 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
VMH ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MarkerDB ID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synthesis Reference | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General References |
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08684
- Molecular weight:
- 57255.585
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID:
- P05181
- Molecular weight:
- 56848.42
References
- Pelkonen O, Maenpaa J, Taavitsainen P, Rautio A, Raunio H: Inhibition and induction of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Xenobiotica. 1998 Dec;28(12):1203-53. [PubMed:9890159 ]
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- Yasar U, Forslund-Bergengren C, Tybring G, Dorado P, Llerena A, Sjoqvist F, Eliasson E, Dahl ML: Pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite E-3174 in relation to the CYP2C9 genotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Jan;71(1):89-98. [PubMed:11823761 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID:
- P10635
- Molecular weight:
- 55768.94
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04798
- Molecular weight:
- 58164.815
References
- Wiercinska P, Squires EJ: Chlorzoxazone metabolism by porcine cytochrome P450 enzymes and the effect of cytochrome b5. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 May;38(5):857-62. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.030528. Epub 2010 Feb 17. [PubMed:20164110 ]
- Warrington JS, Court MH, Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL: Phenacetin and chlorzoxazone biotransformation in aging male Fischer 344 rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;56(6):819-25. [PubMed:15231049 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P05177
- Molecular weight:
- 58406.915
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2A6
- Uniprot ID:
- P11509
- Molecular weight:
- 56517.005
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in ion channel activity
- Specific function:
- Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) that mediates export of K(+). It is also activated by the concentration of cytosolic Mg(2+). Its activation dampens the excitatory events that elevate the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and/or depolarize the cell membrane. It therefore contributes to repolarization of the membrane potential. Plays a key role in controlling excitability in a number of systems, such as regulation of the contraction of smooth muscle, the tuning of hair cells in the cochlea, regulation of transmitter release, and innate immunity. In smooth muscles, its activation by high level of Ca(2+), caused by ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, regulates the membrane potential. In cochlea cells, its number and kinetic properties partly determine the characteristic frequency of each hair cell and thereby helps to establish a tonotopic map. Kinetics of KCNMA1 channels are determined by alternative splicing, phosphorylation status and its combination with modulating beta subunits. Highly sensitive to both iberiotoxin (IbTx) and charybdotoxin (CTX)
- Gene Name:
- KCNMA1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q12791
- Molecular weight:
- 137558.1
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Dong DL, Luan Y, Feng TM, Fan CL, Yue P, Sun ZJ, Gu RM, Yang BF: Chlorzoxazone inhibits contraction of rat thoracic aorta. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Sep 18;545(2-3):161-6. Epub 2006 Jun 29. [PubMed:16859676 ]
- Alvina K, Khodakhah K: KCa channels as therapeutic targets in episodic ataxia type-2. J Neurosci. 2010 May 26;30(21):7249-57. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6341-09.2010. [PubMed:20505091 ]
- Syme CA, Gerlach AC, Singh AK, Devor DC: Pharmacological activation of cloned intermediate- and small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Mar;278(3):C570-81. [PubMed:10712246 ]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in ATP binding
- Specific function:
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
- Gene Name:
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID:
- P08183
- Molecular weight:
- 141477.3
References
- Kim RB, Wandel C, Leake B, Cvetkovic M, Fromm MF, Dempsey PJ, Roden MM, Belas F, Chaudhary AK, Roden DM, Wood AJ, Wilkinson GR: Interrelationship between substrates and inhibitors of human CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 1999 Mar;16(3):408-14. [PubMed:10213372 ]