Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Lamotrigine (HMDB0014695)

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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (3)transporters (1) Show 4 proteins XML

enzymes (3)transporters (1) Show 4 proteins

Record Information

Version

4.0

Status

Expected but not Quantified

Creation Date

2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC

Update Date

2020-02-26 21:40:10 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0014695

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB14695

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Lamotrigine

Description

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. For epilepsy it is used to treat partial seizures, primary and secondary tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Lamotrigine also acts as a mood stabilizer. It is the first medication since lithium granted Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the maintenance treatment of bipolar type I. Chemically unrelated to other anticonvulsants, lamotrigine has relatively few side-effects and does not require blood monitoring. The exact way lamotrigine works is unknown. [Wikipedia ]

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
3,5-Diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine	ChEBI
Lamictal	ChEBI
Lamotrigina	ChEBI
Lamotriginum	ChEBI
GW 273293	HMDB
Labileno	HMDB
3,5-Diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-as-triazine	HMDB
BW-430C	HMDB
Crisomet	HMDB
Lamiktal	HMDB
BW 430C	MeSH

Chemical Formula

C₉H₇Cl₂N₅

Average Molecular Weight

256.091

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

255.007850663

IUPAC Name

6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diamine

Traditional Name

lamotrigine

CAS Registry Number

84057-84-1

SMILES

NC1=NC(N)=C(N=N1)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H7Cl2N5/c10-5-3-1-2-4(6(5)11)7-8(12)14-9(13)16-15-7/h1-3H,(H4,12,13,14,16)

InChI Key

PYZRQGJRPPTADH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dichlorobenzenes. Dichlorobenzenes are compounds containing a benzene with exactly two chlorine atoms attached to it.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Halobenzenes

Direct Parent

Dichlorobenzenes

Alternative Parents

Substituents

1,2-dichlorobenzene
Aminotriazine
Aryl chloride
Aryl halide
Triazine
Imidolactam
1,2,4-triazine
Heteroaromatic compound
Organoheterocyclic compound
Azacycle
Amine
Primary amine
Organonitrogen compound
Organochloride
Organohalogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

dichlorobenzene (CHEBI:6367 )
primary arylamine (CHEBI:6367 )
1,2,4-triazines (CHEBI:6367 )

Ontology

Physiological effect

Health effect:

Health condition:

Nervous system disorders:

Seizure

Disposition

Source:

Environmental:

Wastewater

Route of exposure:

Parenteral:

Enteral:

Ingestion

Biological location:

Subcellular:

Biofluid and excreta:

Role

Environmental role:

Environmental contaminant

Industrial application:

Drug

Pharmaceutical industry:

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	216 - 218 °C (uncorr.)	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	0.49 g/L	Not Available
LogP	2.5	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.49 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.87	ALOGPS
logP	1.93	ChemAxon
logS	-2.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	14.98	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	5.87	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	90.71 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	66.62 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	23.1 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0a4i-1890000000-760d1195ef5ceae75026	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive	splash10-0a4i-2940000000-1a4f3a098b426ac4febb	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-0ca7be847ef73a25032b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0c09-0890000000-f7244245bf6816d03dc7	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-97d10d3ad5d45edcaeba	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-b2dbf89c13423bc1b59f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-d26cb5886894916aa1d8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0590000000-528845465e0a140f6b60	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0930000000-9a68c83a3573a48cf6c2	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0kmi-0900000000-bb97e1aecda1747cbf29	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-97d10d3ad5d45edcaeba	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-97d10d3ad5d45edcaeba	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-1e756e80b9a7d4b0dd18	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0490000000-a29a09ef58e19c7e62e1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0a4i-0940000000-85279d67921a0106c4e2	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0kmi-0900000000-eba38744d927d1c39a74	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-0ab9-0790000000-036c53ed1835e3d33348	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	splash10-0a4i-0290000000-26664a56093e292ec551	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	splash10-0a4i-0190000000-33187897c9fb0b0a178f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	splash10-0a4i-2940000000-1a4f3a098b426ac4febb	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-4283661a0ad9c11f2e42	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-7f7abcbaad5c89ee8109	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-01w0-2490000000-3dbf5856c09bbcdde184	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0090000000-55f38f4a1708215a2509	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0ug0-0090000000-067db3f005caf26c9b9a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9010000000-87e51d16bdb0c8facd59	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Urine

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Available	Not Available	Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00555	21059682	details
Urine	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Available	Not Available	Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00555	21059682	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

Predicted Concentrations

Biospecimen	Value	Original age	Original sex	Original condition	Comments
Blood	0.000 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Predicted based on drug qualities
Blood	0.000 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Predicted based on drug qualities

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

None

Associated OMIM IDs

None

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00555

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

3741

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Lamotrigine

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

3878

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

6367

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

MarkerDB ID

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Not Available

General References

Jensen TS: Anticonvulsants in neuropathic pain: rationale and clinical evidence. Eur J Pain. 2002;6 Suppl A:61-8. [PubMed:11888243 ]
Barbosa L, Berk M, Vorster M: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation with lamotrigine or placebo in patients concomitantly treated with fluoxetine for resistant major depressive episodes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;64(4):403-7. [PubMed:12716240 ]
Pappagallo M: Newer antiepileptic drugs: possible uses in the treatment of neuropathic pain and migraine. Clin Ther. 2003 Oct;25(10):2506-38. [PubMed:14667954 ]
Backonja M: Neuromodulating drugs for the symptomatic treatment of neuropathic pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2004 Jun;8(3):212-6. [PubMed:15115640 ]
Tehrani SP, Daryaafzoon M, Bakhtiarian A, Ejtemaeemehr S, Sahraei H: The effects of lamotrigine on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced place preference in mice. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009 Jan 1;12(1):33-9. [PubMed:19579915 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4

General function:: Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:: UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate.
Gene Name:: UGT1A4
Uniprot ID:: P22310
Molecular weight:: 60024.535

References

Argikar UA, Senekeo-Effenberger K, Larson EE, Tukey RH, Remmel RP: Studies on induction of lamotrigine metabolism in transgenic UGT1 mice. Xenobiotica. 2009 Nov;39(11):826-35. doi: 10.3109/00498250903188985. [PubMed:19845433 ]
Chen H, Yang K, Choi S, Fischer JH, Jeong H: Up-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4 by 17beta-estradiol: a potential mechanism of increased lamotrigine elimination in pregnancy. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Sep;37(9):1841-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.026609. Epub 2009 Jun 22. [PubMed:19546240 ]
Argikar UA, Remmel RP: Variation in glucuronidation of lamotrigine in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2009 May;39(5):355-63. doi: 10.1080/00498250902745082. [PubMed:19387891 ]

Enzyme Details

2. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3

General function:: Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:: UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.
Gene Name:: UGT1A3
Uniprot ID:: P35503
Molecular weight:: 60337.835

References

Argikar UA, Remmel RP: Variation in glucuronidation of lamotrigine in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2009 May;39(5):355-63. doi: 10.1080/00498250902745082. [PubMed:19387891 ]

Enzyme Details

3. Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha

General function:: Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:: Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient
Gene Name:: SCN2A
Uniprot ID:: Q99250
Molecular weight:: 227972.6

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Lipkind GM, Fozzard HA: Molecular modeling of local anesthetic drug binding by voltage-gated sodium channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;68(6):1611-22. Epub 2005 Sep 20. [PubMed:16174788 ]

Transporters

Enzyme Details

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

General function:: Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:: Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:: ABCB1
Uniprot ID:: P08183
Molecular weight:: 141477.3

References

Luna-Tortos C, Fedrowitz M, Loscher W: Several major antiepileptic drugs are substrates for human P-glycoprotein. Neuropharmacology. 2008 Dec;55(8):1364-75. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.032. Epub 2008 Sep 11. [PubMed:18824002 ]

Showing metabocard for Lamotrigine (HMDB0014695)

Structure for HMDB0014695 (Lamotrigine)

Enzymes

References

References

References

Transporters

References