Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Procaine (HMDB0014859)

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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (6) Show 6 proteins XML

enzymes (6) Show 6 proteins

Record Information

Version

4.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC

Update Date

2020-02-26 21:40:29 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0014859

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB14859

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Procaine

Description

Procaine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [PubChem]Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
2-Diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate	ChEBI
4-Aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester	ChEBI
beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate	ChEBI
beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate	ChEBI
Novocaine	ChEBI
p-Aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester	ChEBI
Procaina	ChEBI
Procainum	ChEBI
Vitamin H3	ChEBI
Solution OF novocain	Kegg
2-Diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoic acid	Generator
4-Aminobenzoate 2-diethylaminoethyl ester	Generator
b-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate	Generator
b-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid	Generator
beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid	Generator
Β-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate	Generator
Β-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid	Generator
b-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate	Generator
b-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoic acid	Generator
beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoic acid	Generator
Β-(diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate	Generator
Β-(diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoic acid	Generator
p-Aminobenzoate 2-diethylaminoethyl ester	Generator
Procaine HCL	HMDB
Chaix et du marais brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Geriocaine	HMDB
Hewedolor-procain	HMDB
Procain jenapharm	HMDB
Procain rödler	HMDB
Procain steigerwald	HMDB
Röwo procain	HMDB
Abbott brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Aventis brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Hevert brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Hydrochloride, procaine	HMDB
Jenapharm brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Procain curasan	HMDB
Serra pamies brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Steigerwald brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Anuject	HMDB
Gerokit	HMDB
Lophakomp-procain N	HMDB
Procaina serra	HMDB
Procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Pröcaine chlorhydrate lavoisier	HMDB
Curasan brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Procain-loges	HMDB
Braun brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Loges brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Lomapharm brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Novocain	HMDB
Pharmakon brand OF procaine hydrochloride	HMDB
Procain braun	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₃H₂₀N₂O₂

Average Molecular Weight

236.3101

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

236.152477894

IUPAC Name

2-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate

Traditional Name

procaine

CAS Registry Number

59-46-1

SMILES

CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C13H20N2O2/c1-3-15(4-2)9-10-17-13(16)11-5-7-12(14)8-6-11/h5-8H,3-4,9-10,14H2,1-2H3

InChI Key

MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters. These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Benzoic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Benzoic acid esters

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives
Benzoate ester
Benzoyl
Aniline or substituted anilines
Amino acid or derivatives
Tertiary aliphatic amine
Tertiary amine
Carboxylic acid ester
Carboxylic acid derivative
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Amine
Organonitrogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Primary amine
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

tertiary amino compound (CHEBI:8430 )
substituted aniline (CHEBI:8430 )
benzoate ester (CHEBI:8430 )

Ontology

Physiological effect

Health effect:

Health condition:

Dizziness

Nervous system disorders:

Seizure

General disorders and administration site conditions:

Pain

Psychiatric disorders:

Anxiety

Gastrointestinal disorders:

Ingestion

Parenteral:

Intramuscular

Biological location:

Biofluid and excreta:

Subcellular:

Cell and elements:

Extracellular

Process

Naturally occurring process:

Biological process:

Biochemical pathway:

Procaine Action Pathway

Role

Industrial application:

Drug

Pharmaceutical industry:

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	61 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	6.81 g/L	Not Available
LogP	1.8	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	6.81 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.1	ALOGPS
logP	1.88	ChemAxon
logS	-1.5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	8.96	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	55.56 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	7	ChemAxon
Refractivity	70.3 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	26.81 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00dr-9400000000-a3ea7ca30e23e0b5e656	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-000i-0090000000-7c7d7173da9393c2d059	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0udi-0910000000-279febfbe258e2ce2807	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0uk9-0900000000-997e743a0702a7a5b54f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00di-2900000000-39c6b968e8d17c932e10	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00dl-9700000000-157dc94224e66c932ae8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , positive	splash10-0w29-0900000000-050d794abd6d3a7e685d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	splash10-01w0-1940000000-d4d5195f000d2d633df7	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0fki-1690000000-87e7bf5ac9024bfe7cbb	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0uk9-3930000000-18dd034bea68e84f34de	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-006x-9200000000-983abfba088dd28ad16c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-3490000000-1d66ef09f6cac135ebfd	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-00kr-8980000000-640e85b33add1758148c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00r6-9300000000-1c06ec2e51e41c54d063	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-000i-9200000000-44eb49be9b2baedfebdd	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Urine

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Procaine Action Pathway		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Available	Not Available	Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00721	21059682	details
Blood	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Available	Not Available	Normal	Not Available	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.11 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	19309105	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Available	Not Available	Normal	19309105	details
Urine	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Available	Not Available	Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00721	21059682	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

Predicted Concentrations

Biospecimen	Value	Original age	Original sex	Original condition	Comments
Blood	0.000 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Predicted based on drug qualities

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

None

Associated OMIM IDs

None

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00721

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB029371

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

4745

KEGG Compound ID

C07375

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Procaine

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

4914

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

8430

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

MarkerDB ID

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Gentry CL, Lukas RJ: Local anesthetics noncompetitively inhibit function of four distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Dec;299(3):1038-48. [PubMed:11714893 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Cholinesterase

General function:: Involved in carboxylesterase activity
Specific function:: Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
Gene Name:: BCHE
Uniprot ID:: P06276
Molecular weight:: 68417.575

References

Perez-Guillermo F, Delgado EM, Vidal CJ: Inhibition of human serum and rabbit muscle cholinesterase by local anesthetics. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Nov 1;36(21):3593-6. [PubMed:3675616 ]
Dorokhov KE, Grigorian GL: [Binding of reversible spin-labeled inhibitors with an butyrylcholinesterase active center]. Biofizika. 1986 Sep-Oct;31(5):746-51. [PubMed:3022829 ]

Enzyme Details

2. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter

General function:: Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:: Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:: SLC6A3
Uniprot ID:: Q01959
Molecular weight:: 68494.255

References

Sato T, Kitayama S, Mitsuhata C, Ikeda T, Morita K, Dohi T: Selective inhibition of monoamine neurotransmitter transporters by synthetic local anesthetics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;361(2):214-20. [PubMed:10685879 ]
Wilcox KM, Kimmel HL, Lindsey KP, Votaw JR, Goodman MM, Howell LL: In vivo comparison of the reinforcing and dopamine transporter effects of local anesthetics in rhesus monkeys. Synapse. 2005 Dec 15;58(4):220-8. [PubMed:16206183 ]
Kiyatkin EA, Brown PL: The role of peripheral and central sodium channels in mediating brain temperature fluctuations induced by intravenous cocaine. Brain Res. 2006 Oct 30;1117(1):38-53. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed:16956595 ]

Enzyme Details

3. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A

General function:: Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific function:: This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons. It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel
Gene Name:: HTR3A
Uniprot ID:: P46098
Molecular weight:: 55279.8

References

Fan P, Weight FF: Procaine impairs the function of 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex in rat sensory ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology. 1994 Dec;33(12):1573-9. [PubMed:7539114 ]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Enzyme Details

4. Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A

General function:: Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:: NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism
Gene Name:: GRIN3A
Uniprot ID:: Q8TCU5
Molecular weight:: 125464.1

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Hahnenkamp K, Durieux ME, Hahnenkamp A, Schauerte SK, Hoenemann CW, Vegh V, Theilmeier G, Hollmann MW: Local anaesthetics inhibit signalling of human NMDA receptors recombinantly expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes: role of protein kinase C. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Jan;96(1):77-87. Epub 2005 Nov 18. [PubMed:16299047 ]
Nishizawa N, Shirasaki T, Nakao S, Matsuda H, Shingu K: The inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel by local anesthetics in mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons. Anesth Analg. 2002 Feb;94(2):325-30, table of contents. [PubMed:11812692 ]

Enzyme Details

5. Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha

General function:: Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:: This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which sodium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel isoform. Its electrophysiological properties vary depending on the type of the associated beta subunits (in vitro). Plays a role in neuropathic pain mechanisms
Gene Name:: SCN10A
Uniprot ID:: Q9Y5Y9
Molecular weight:: 220623.6

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Brau ME, Vogel W, Hempelmann G: Fundamental properties of local anesthetics: half-maximal blocking concentrations for tonic block of Na+ and K+ channels in peripheral nerve. Anesth Analg. 1998 Oct;87(4):885-9. [PubMed:9768788 ]
Katalymov LL: [The effect of inhibitors of sodium permeability (novocaine and tetrodotoxin) on the trace depolarization of myelinated nerve fibers]. Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1995 Sep;81(9):127-33. [PubMed:8581044 ]
Creveling CR, Bell ME, Burke TR Jr, Chang E, Lewandowski-Lovenberg GA, Kim CH, Rice KC, Daly JW: Procaine isothiocyanate: an irreversible inhibitor of the specific binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin-A benzoate to sodium channels. Neurochem Res. 1990 Apr;15(4):441-8. [PubMed:2167458 ]

Enzyme Details

6. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2

General function:: Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific function:: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Gene Name:: CHRNA2
Uniprot ID:: Q15822
Molecular weight:: 59764.8

References

Wang H, Zhang Y, Li ST: The effect of local anesthetics on the inhibition of adult muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 25;630(1-3):29-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.028. Epub 2010 Jan 4. [PubMed:20045405 ]

Showing metabocard for Procaine (HMDB0014859)

Structure for HMDB0014859 (Procaine)

Enzymes

References

References

References

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References