| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-06 15:16:52 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:52:01 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0015532 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0001303
- HMDB01303
- HMDB15532
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Zinc |
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| Description | Zinc is an essential element, necessary for sustaining all life. It is a trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. It is estimated that 3000 of the hundreds of thousands of proteins in the human body contain zinc prosthetic groups. In addition, there are over a dozen cell types in the human body that secrete zinc ions, and the roles of these secreted zinc signals in medicine and health are now being actively studied. Intriguingly, brain cells in the mammalian forebrain are one type of cell that secretes zinc, along with its other neuronal messenger substances. Cells in the salivary gland, prostate, immune system, and intestine are other types that secrete zinc. Obtaining a sufficient zinc intake during pregnancy and in young children is a problem, especially among those who cannot afford a good and varied diet. Zinc deficiency is associated with anemia, short stature, hypogonadism, impaired wound healing, and geophagia. Brain development is stunted by zinc deficiency in utero and in youth. Zinc is an activator of certain enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is important in the transport of carbon dioxide in vertebrate blood. Even though zinc is an essential requirement for a healthy body, too much zinc can be harmful. Excessive absorption of zinc can also suppress copper and iron absorption. The free zinc ion in solution is highly toxic to plants, invertebrates, and even vertebrate fish. The Free Ion Activity Model (FIAM) is well-established in the literature and shows that just micromolar amounts of the free ion kill some organisms. |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Dietary zinc | ChEBI | | Zinc cation | ChEBI | | ZINC ion | ChEBI | | Zinc, ion (ZN2+) | ChEBI | | ZN(II) | ChEBI | | ZN(2+) | ChEBI | | ZN2+ | ChEBI | | Mannosidase b, alpha | MeSH | | alpha Mannosidase b | MeSH | | alpha-D-Mannoside mannohydrolase | MeSH | | Neutral alpha-mannosidase | MeSH | | alpha D Mannosidase | MeSH | | alpha-D-Mannosidase | MeSH | | Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase | MeSH | | Mannohydrolase, alpha-D-mannoside | MeSH | | alpha Mannosidase | MeSH | | alpha-Mannosidase | MeSH | | LAMAN | MeSH | | Lysosomal alpha mannosidase | MeSH | | Neutral alpha mannosidase | MeSH | | alpha D Mannoside mannohydrolase | MeSH | | alpha-Mannosidase, lysosomal | MeSH | | alpha-Mannosidase, neutral | MeSH | | Topostin b | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | Zn |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 65.409 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 63.929146578 |
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| IUPAC Name | zinc(2+) ion |
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| Traditional Name | zinc(2+) ion |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7440-66-6 |
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| SMILES | [Zn++] |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/Zn/q+2 |
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| InChI Key | PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Homogeneous metal compounds |
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| Class | Homogeneous transition metal compounds |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Homogeneous transition metal compounds |
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| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
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| Substituents | - Homogeneous transition metal
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | Biological locationRoute of exposureSourceExogenousFood- Food (HMDB: HMDB0015532)
Animal originVegetableFruitHerb and spiceNutCereal and cereal productPulseGourdSoyTeaBeverageAquatic originEggConfectioneryMilk and milk productOther milk productFermented milkFermented milk productUnfermented milk- Milk (Other mammals) (FooDB: FOOD00690)
- Milk (Human) (FooDB: FOOD00666)
- Milk (Cow) (FooDB: FOOD00618)
- Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 0% fat (FooDB: FOOD00889)
- Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 1% fat (FooDB: FOOD00890)
- Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 2% fat (FooDB: FOOD00891)
- Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin D added, 3.25% fat (FooDB: FOOD00892)
Fat and oilCocoa and cocoa productBaking goodBaby foodUnclassified food or beverageDishCoffee and coffee productSnack
Endogenous |
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| Process | |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 419.5 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| Disease References | | Kidney disease |
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- Paniagua R, Claure R, Amato D, Flores E, Perez A, Exaire E: Effects of oral administration of zinc and diiodohydroxyquinolein on plasma zinc levels of uremic patients. Nephron. 1995;69(2):147-50. [PubMed:7723896 ]
| | Multiple sclerosis |
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- Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6. [PubMed:16244395 ]
| | Parkinson's disease |
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- Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95. [PubMed:16244392 ]
| | Chronic renal failure |
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- McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
| | Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
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- McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
| | Hemodialysis |
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- McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
| | Hypertension |
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- Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. doi: 10.1291/hypres.31.623. [PubMed:18633173 ]
| | Hyperzincaemia and hypercalprotectinaemia |
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- Isidor B, Poignant S, Corradini N, Fouassier M, Quartier P, Roth J, Picherot G: Hyperzincemia and hypercalprotectinemia: unsuccessful treatment with tacrolimus. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Feb;98(2):410-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01092.x. Epub 2008 Nov 4. [PubMed:18983438 ]
| | Alzheimer's disease |
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- Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Aguilar MV, Meseguer I, Mateos-Vega CJ, Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, de Bustos F, Porta J, Orti-Pareja M, Zurdo M, Barrios E, Martinez-Para MC: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of transition metals in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1998;105(4-5):479-88. [PubMed:9720975 ]
- Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203. [PubMed:16244393 ]
| | Acrodermatitis enteropathica |
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- Nistor N, Ciontu L, Frasinariu OE, Lupu VV, Ignat A, Streanga V: Acrodermatitis Enteropathica: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 May;95(20):e3553. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003553. [PubMed:27196457 ]
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| General References | - Rakicioglu N, Samur G, Topcu A, Topcu AA: The effect of Ramadan on maternal nutrition and composition of breast milk. Pediatr Int. 2006 Jun;48(3):278-83. [PubMed:16732795 ]
- Cominetti C, Garrido AB Jr, Cozzolino SM: Zinc nutritional status of morbidly obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a preliminary report. Obes Surg. 2006 Apr;16(4):448-53. [PubMed:16608609 ]
- Religa D, Strozyk D, Cherny RA, Volitakis I, Haroutunian V, Winblad B, Naslund J, Bush AI: Elevated cortical zinc in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006 Jul 11;67(1):69-75. [PubMed:16832080 ]
- Batista MN, Cuppari L, de Fatima Campos Pedrosa L, Almeida Md, de Almeida JB, de Medeiros AC, Canziani ME: Effect of end-stage renal disease and diabetes on zinc and copper status. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2006 Jul;112(1):1-12. [PubMed:16943612 ]
- Scheplyagina LA: Impact of the mother's zinc deficiency on the woman's and newborn's health status. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2005;19(1):29-35. [PubMed:16240669 ]
- Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Cipriano C, Muti E, Rink L, Malavolta M: Zinc homeostasis in aging: two elusive faces of the same "metal". Rejuvenation Res. 2006 Summer;9(2):351-4. [PubMed:16706668 ]
- de Sena KC, Arrais RF, das Gracas Almeida M, de Araujo DM, dos Santos MM, de Lima VT, de Fatima Campos Pedrosa L: Effects of zinc supplementation in patients with type 1 diabetes. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2005 Summer;105(1-3):1-9. [PubMed:16034148 ]
- Tsuruoka S, Wakaumi M, Ioka T, Yamamoto H, Ando H, Sugimoto K, Fujimura A: Angiotensin II receptor blocker-induces blunted taste sensitivity: comparison of candesartan and valsartan. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;60(2):204-7. [PubMed:16042674 ]
- Arnold LE, DiSilvestro RA: Zinc in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2005 Aug;15(4):619-27. [PubMed:16190793 ]
- An WL, Pei JJ, Nishimura T, Winblad B, Cowburn RF: Zinc-induced anti-apoptotic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2005 Apr 27;135(1-2):40-7. Epub 2005 Jan 8. [PubMed:15857667 ]
- Shea-Budgell M, Dojka M, Nimmo M, Lee D, Xu Z: Marginal zinc deficiency increased the susceptibility to acute lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 May;231(5):553-8. [PubMed:16636303 ]
- Cutinha D, Vaja S, Treacher D, Swaminathan R: Erythrocyte zinc content in critically ill patients. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(9):930-3. [PubMed:16176172 ]
- Santarelli L, Di Lorenzo L, Valentino M, Bracci M, Rapisarda V, Cassano F, Elia G, Martino MG, Neri G, Apostoli P, Soleo L: [Reduced thymulin production during occupational exposure to lead]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2005 Jan-Mar;27 Suppl 1:68-72. [PubMed:15915658 ]
- Kaczmarek A, Robak-Cholubek D, Sowa I, Jakiel G: Comparison of the levels of copper, zinc and iron in cervical mucus and in blood serum of women of childbearing age. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med. 2004;59(1):72-5. [PubMed:16145958 ]
- Kouremenou-Dona E, Dona A, Papoutsis J, Spiliopoulou C: Copper and zinc concentrations in serum of healthy Greek adults. Sci Total Environ. 2006 Apr 15;359(1-3):76-81. Epub 2005 Jun 13. [PubMed:15955548 ]
- Mankad M, Sathawara NG, Doshi H, Saiyed HN, Kumar S: Seminal plasma zinc concentration and alpha-glucosidase activity with respect to semen quality. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2006 May;110(2):97-106. [PubMed:16757839 ]
- Ishikawa Y, Kudo H, Kagawa Y, Sakamoto S: Increased plasma levels of zinc in obese adult females on a weight-loss program based on a hypocaloric balanced diet. In Vivo. 2005 Nov-Dec;19(6):1035-7. [PubMed:16277018 ]
- Skarupskiene I, Kuzminskis V, Abdrachmanovas O, Ryselis S, Smalinskiene A: [Zinc and aluminum concentrations in blood of hemodialysis patients and its impact on the frequency of infections]. Medicina (Kaunas). 2005;41 Suppl 1:65-8. [PubMed:15901979 ]
- Lukaski HC: Low dietary zinc decreases erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activities and impairs cardiorespiratory function in men during exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 May;81(5):1045-51. [PubMed:15883427 ]
- Gupta SK, Singh SP, Shukla VK: Copper, zinc, and Cu/Zn ratio in carcinoma of the gallbladder. J Surg Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;91(3):204-8. [PubMed:16118778 ]
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