Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2014-04-16 20:46:07 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-11-30 19:11:56 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0061700 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0062711
- HMDB61700
- HMDB62711
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) |
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Description | LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a lysophosphatidylcholine, which is a lysophospholipid. The term 'lysophospholipid' (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix 'lyso-' comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Lysophosphatidylcholine is found in small amounts in most tissues. It is formed by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by the enzyme phospholipase A2 as part of the de-acylation/re-acylation cycle that controls its overall molecular species composition. It can also be formed inadvertently during extraction of lipids from tissues if the phospholipase is activated by careless handling. There is also a phospholipase A1, which is able to cleave the sn-1 ester bond. Lysophosphatidylcholine has pro-inflammatory properties in vitro and it is known to be a pathological component of oxidized lipoproteins (LDL) in plasma and of atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, it has been found to have some functions in cell signalling, and specific receptors (coupled to G proteins) have been identified. It activates the specific phospholipase C that releases diacylglycerols and inositol triphosphate with resultant increases in intracellular Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C. It also activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase in certain cell types. Lysophosphatidylcholines can have different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 (sn-1) or C-2 (sn-2) position. LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of linoleic acid at the C-2 position. LPL-R's are members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) family of integral membrane proteins. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) specifically bind to GPR119, GPR40, GPR55 and GPR4. binding of LPCs to GPR119, GPR40 and GPR55 induces intracellular calcium mobilization and leads to increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in different cell systems. In blood or plasma LPCs are bound mainly to albumin and to a lesser extent to lipoproteins. Inflammation, cell damage and other pathophysiological conditions can profoundly alter the ratio of free to albumin bound LPC through increased production of LPC or decreased plasma levels of albumin (PMID: 32599910 ). In particular, lower levels of albumin (hypoalbuminemia) lead to lower levels of LPC in the blood. Hypoalbuminemia with albumin concentrations of <20 g/L are typical of patients with sepsis, burns or serious trauma (PMID: 26557421 ). Such low levels of albumin often lead to LPC levels that are 50-80 % lower than that seen in healthy individuals (PMID: 27501420 ). Decreased levels of LPC have been observed in a number of other inflammatory conditions beyond sepsis, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, schizophrenia, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, aging, asthma and liver cirrhosis, where they were associated with increased mortality risk (PMID: 32599910 ). LPCs have a number of protective or anti-inflammatory effects. Higher levels of LPC induce cyclooxygenase-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in endothelial cells, both of which can have vasoprotective effects either via production of prostacyclin or nitric oxide (PMID: 32599910 ). LPCs have been shown to elicit a number of effects on the innate immune system and effectively serve as dual-activity ligand molecules. In particular, LPCs directly activate toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR-2-1 receptors in the absence of classical TLR ligands. However, LPCs can also inhibit TLR-mediated signaling in the presence of classical TLR ligands, thereby acting as anti-inflammatory molecules (PMID: 32599910 ). Low levels of LPC during a bacterial or viral infection with TLR-mediated signalling can lead to opposing (inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) effects and immune dysregulation. |
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Structure | CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C InChI=1S/C26H50NO7P/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-26(29)34-25(23-28)24-33-35(30,31)32-22-21-27(2,3)4/h9-10,12-13,25,28H,5-8,11,14-24H2,1-4H3/b10-9-,13-12-/t25-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | ChEBI | 2-Linoleoyllysophosphatidylcholine | ChEBI | LPC[0:0/18:2(omega-6)] | ChEBI | 2-Linoleoyl-GPC | HMDB | 2-Linoleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine | HMDB | 2-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | HMDB | 2-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine | HMDB | GPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | GPC(0:0/18:2n6) | HMDB | GPC(0:0/18:2w6) | HMDB | GPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | GPC(18:2) | HMDB | GPC(18:2n6) | HMDB | GPC(18:2w6) | HMDB | LPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | LPC(0:0/18:2n6) | HMDB | LPC(0:0/18:2w6) | HMDB | LPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | LPC(18:2) | HMDB | LPC(18:2n6) | HMDB | LPC(18:2w6) | HMDB | LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | LysoPC(0:0/18:2n6) | HMDB | LysoPC(0:0/18:2w6) | HMDB | LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | LysoPC(18:2) | HMDB | LysoPC(18:2n6) | HMDB | LysoPC(18:2w6) | HMDB | Lysophosphatidylcholine(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | Lysophosphatidylcholine(0:0/18:2n6) | HMDB | Lysophosphatidylcholine(0:0/18:2w6) | HMDB | Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2(9Z,12Z)) | HMDB | Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2) | HMDB | Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2n6) | HMDB | Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2w6) | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C26H50NO7P |
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Average Molecular Weight | 519.66 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 519.332489952 |
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IUPAC Name | (2-{[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium |
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Traditional Name | (2-{[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium |
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CAS Registry Number | 27304-12-7 |
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SMILES | CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C26H50NO7P/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-26(29)34-25(23-28)24-33-35(30,31)32-22-21-27(2,3)4/h9-10,12-13,25,28H,5-8,11,14-24H2,1-4H3/b10-9-,13-12-/t25-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | LSUXCWJOIAWGOU-FTJOPAKQSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines. These are glycerophosphocholines in which the glycerol is esterified with a fatty acid at O-2 position, and linked at position 3 to a phosphocholine. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Glycerophospholipids |
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Sub Class | Glycerophosphocholines |
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Direct Parent | 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- Phosphocholine
- Fatty acid ester
- Dialkyl phosphate
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Alkyl phosphate
- Fatty acyl
- Tetraalkylammonium salt
- Quaternary ammonium salt
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxide
- Alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Primary alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Organic salt
- Amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredictor | Adduct Type | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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DeepCCS | [M+H]+ | 241.888 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-H]- | 238.628 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-2H]- | 272.883 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M+Na]+ | 249.385 | 30932474 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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General References | - Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- Divecha N, Irvine RF: Phospholipid signaling. Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):269-78. [PubMed:7834746 ]
- Wernly B, Lichtenauer M, Hoppe UC, Jung C: Hyperglycemia in septic patients: an essential stress survival response in all, a robust marker for risk stratification in some, to be messed with in none. J Thorac Dis. 2016 Jul;8(7):E621-4. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.05.24. [PubMed:27501420 ]
- Knuplez E, Marsche G: An Updated Review of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in the Vascular System. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 24;21(12). pii: ijms21124501. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124501. [PubMed:32599910 ]
- Sun JK, Sun F, Wang X, Yuan ST, Zheng SY, Mu XW: Risk factors and prognosis of hypoalbuminemia in surgical septic patients. PeerJ. 2015 Oct 1;3:e1267. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1267. eCollection 2015. [PubMed:26557421 ]
- Cevc, Gregor (1993). Phospholipids Handbook. Marcel Dekker.
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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