HMDB0000045 | Adenosine monophosphate | 61-19-8 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0000045/thumb.svg) | C10H14N5O7P | 347.2212 347.063084339 | Not Available |
HMDB0000058 | Cyclic AMP | 60-92-4 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0000058/thumb.svg) | C10H12N5O6P | 329.2059 329.052519653 | Not Available |
HMDB0001314 | Cyclic GMP | 7665-99-8 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0001314/thumb.svg) | C10H12N5O7P | 345.2053 345.047434275 | Not Available |
HMDB0001397 | Guanosine monophosphate | 85-32-5 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0001397/thumb.svg) | C10H14N5O8P | 363.2206 363.057998961 | Not Available |
HMDB0001889 | Theophylline | 58-55-9 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0001889/thumb.svg) | C7H8N4O2 | 180.164 180.06472552 | - Rickards KJ, Andrews MJ, Waterworth TH, Alexander GB, Cunningham FM: Differential effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on platelet activating factor (PAF)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced equine platelet aggregation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Aug;26(4):277-82. [PubMed:12887610 ]
- Wu BN, Lin RJ, Lo YC, Shen KP, Wang CC, Lin YT, Chen IJ: KMUP-1, a xanthine derivative, induces relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea: the role of the epithelium, cyclic nucleotides and K+ channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;142(7):1105-14. Epub 2004 Jul 5. [PubMed:15237094 ]
- Kajikawa S, Kigami D, Nakayama H, Doi K: Changes in submaxillary gland gene expression in F344 rats by multiple dosing of theophylline. Exp Anim. 2006 Apr;55(2):143-6. [PubMed:16651698 ]
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HMDB0002111 | Water | 7732-18-5 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0002111/thumb.svg) | H2O | 18.0153 18.010564686 | Not Available |
HMDB0014380 | Milrinone | 78415-72-2 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0014380/thumb.svg) | C12H9N3O | 211.2194 211.074561925 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Cone J, Wang S, Tandon N, Fong M, Sun B, Sakurai K, Yoshitake M, Kambayashi J, Liu Y: Comparison of the effects of cilostazol and milrinone on intracellular cAMP levels and cellular function in platelets and cardiac cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;34(4):497-504. [PubMed:10511123 ]
- Kuthe A, Magert H, Uckert S, Forssmann WG, Stief CG, Jonas U: Gene expression of the phosphodiesterases 3A and 5A in human corpus cavernosum penis. Eur Urol. 2000 Jul;38(1):108-14. [PubMed:10859452 ]
- Lefievre L, de Lamirande E, Gagnon C: Presence of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases PDE1A, existing as a stable complex with calmodulin, and PDE3A in human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 2002 Aug;67(2):423-30. [PubMed:12135876 ]
- Zhang W, Ke H, Colman RW: Identification of interaction sites of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 3A with milrinone and cilostazol using molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;62(3):514-20. [PubMed:12181427 ]
- Shakur Y, Fong M, Hensley J, Cone J, Movsesian MA, Kambayashi J, Yoshitake M, Liu Y: Comparison of the effects of cilostazol and milrinone on cAMP-PDE activity, intracellular cAMP and calcium in the heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2002 Sep;16(5):417-27. [PubMed:12652111 ]
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HMDB0014406 | Anagrelide | 68475-42-3 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0014406/thumb.svg) | C10H7Cl2N3O | 256.088 254.996617275 | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Venuti MC, Stephenson RA, Alvarez R, Bruno JJ, Strosberg AM: Inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. 3. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrido and imidazolyl analogues of 1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-2-oxoimidazo[2,1-b]quinazoline. J Med Chem. 1988 Nov;31(11):2136-45. [PubMed:2846839 ]
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HMDB0015058 | Levosimendan | 141505-33-1 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0015058/thumb.svg) | C14H12N6O | 280.2847 280.107259036 | - Szilagyi S, Pollesello P, Levijoki J, Haikala H, Bak I, Tosaki A, Borbely A, Edes I, Papp Z: Two inotropes with different mechanisms of action: contractile, PDE-inhibitory and direct myofibrillar effects of levosimendan and enoximone. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;46(3):369-76. [PubMed:16116344 ]
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HMDB0015297 | Cilostazol | 73963-72-1 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0015297/thumb.svg) | C20H27N5O2 | 369.4607 369.216475133 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Hong KW, Lee JH, Kima KY, Park SY, Lee WS: Cilostazol: therapeutic potential against focal cerebral ischemic damage. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(5):565-73. [PubMed:16472148 ]
- Schror K: The pharmacology of cilostazol. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2002 Mar;4 Suppl 2:S14-9. [PubMed:12180353 ]
- Mokry J, Mokra D, Nosalova G, Beharkova M, Feherova Z: Influence of selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 on cough and airway reactivity. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;59 Suppl 6:473-82. [PubMed:19218671 ]
- Parkkonen J, Hasala H, Moilanen E, Giembycz MA, Kankaanranta H: Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors delay human eosinophil and neutrophil apoptosis in the absence and presence of salbutamol. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2008;21(3):499-506. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2007.11.003. Epub 2007 Nov 22. [PubMed:18282775 ]
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HMDB0015496 | Amrinone | 60719-84-8 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0015496/thumb.svg) | C10H9N3O | 187.198 187.074561925 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Kobayashi T, Sugawara Y, Ohkubo T, Imamura H, Makuuchi M: Effects of amrinone on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Hepatol. 2002 Jul;37(1):31-8. [PubMed:12076859 ]
- Ko Y, Morita K, Nagahori R, Kinouchi K, Shinohara G, Kagawa H, Hashimoto K: Myocardial cyclic AMP augmentation with high-dose PDEIII inhibitor in terminal warm blood cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009 Oct;15(5):311-7. [PubMed:19901885 ]
- Kucuk C, Akcan A, Akyyldyz H, Akgun H, Muhtaroglu S, Sozuer E: Effects of amrinone in an experimental model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Surg Res. 2009 Jan;151(1):74-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.008. Epub 2008 Mar 13. [PubMed:18468627 ]
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HMDB0015599 | Enoximone | 77671-31-9 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0015599/thumb.svg) | C12H12N2O2S | 248.301 248.061948328 | - Boldt J, Suttner S: Combined use of ultra-short acting beta-blocker esmolol and intravenous phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor enoximone. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Sep;8(13):2135-47. [PubMed:17714066 ]
- Sandroni C, Cavallaro F, Caricato A, Scapigliati A, Fenici P, Antonelli M: Enoximone in cardiac arrest caused by propranolol: two case reports. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006 Jul;50(6):759-61. [PubMed:16987374 ]
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HMDB0015614 | Ibudilast | 50847-11-5 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0015614/thumb.svg) | C14H18N2O | 230.3055 230.141913208 | - Yamazaki T, Anraku T, Matsuzawa S: Ibudilast, a mixed PDE3/4 inhibitor, causes a selective and nitric oxide/cGMP-independent relaxation of the intracranial vertebrobasilar artery. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Jan 15;650(2-3):605-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.033. Epub 2010 Oct 29. [PubMed:21036126 ]
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HMDB0015699 | Tofisopam | 22345-47-7 | ![Thumb](/structures/HMDB0015699/thumb.svg) | C22H26N2O4 | 382.4528 382.18925733 | - Rundfeldt C, Socala K, Wlaz P: The atypical anxiolytic drug, tofisopam, selectively blocks phosphodiesterase isoenzymes and is active in the mouse model of negative symptoms of psychosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2010 Nov;117(11):1319-25. doi: 10.1007/s00702-010-0507-3. Epub 2010 Oct 22. [PubMed:20967473 ]
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