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Record Information |
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Version | 4.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2020-11-09 23:15:37 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0001406 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Niacinamide |
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Description | Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamid or nicovit, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinamides. These are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group. Niacinamide is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Niacinamide exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. niacinamide and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into nicotinic acid mononucleotide and phosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, niacinamide is involved in the metabolic disorder called the nad+ signalling pathway (cancer). Niacinamide is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Niacinamide is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as common sages, milk (cow), and cocoa beans and in a lower concentration in common pea. Niacinamide has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as yardlong beans, roselles, apples, oyster mushrooms, and swiss chards. This could make niacinamide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Niacinamide is a potentially toxic compound. A number of studies have indicated that KLOTHO mRNA and protein levels are reduced during acute or chronic kidney diseases in response to high local levels of reactive oxygen species (A7869). Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. |
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Structure | |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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3-Pyridinecarboxamide | ChEBI | beta-Pyridinecarboxamide | ChEBI | Niacin | ChEBI | Nicotinamid | ChEBI | Nicotinic acid amide | ChEBI | Nicotinsaeureamid | ChEBI | Nikotinamid | ChEBI | Nikotinsaeureamid | ChEBI | Vitamin b3 | ChEBI | Vitamin PP | ChEBI | Nicotinamide | Kegg | b-Pyridinecarboxamide | Generator | Β-pyridinecarboxamide | Generator | Nicotinate amide | Generator | 3-Carbamoylpyridine | HMDB | 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid amide | HMDB | Acid amide | HMDB | Amid kyseliny nikotinove | HMDB | Amide PP | HMDB | Aminicotin | HMDB | Amixicotyn | HMDB | Amnicotin | HMDB | Austrovit PP | HMDB | Benicot | HMDB | Delonin amide | HMDB | Dipegyl | HMDB | Dipigyl | HMDB | Endobion | HMDB | Factor PP | HMDB | Hansamid | HMDB | Inovitan PP | HMDB | m-(Aminocarbonyl)pyridine | HMDB | Mediatric | HMDB | NAM | HMDB | Nandervit-N | HMDB | Niacevit | HMDB | Niamide | HMDB | Niavit PP | HMDB | Nicamide | HMDB | Nicamina | HMDB | Nicamindon | HMDB | Nicasir | HMDB | Nicobion | HMDB | Nicofort | HMDB | Nicogen | HMDB | Nicomidol | HMDB | Nicosan 2 | HMDB | Nicosylamide | HMDB | Nicota | HMDB | Nicotamide | HMDB | Nicotilamide | HMDB | Nicotililamido | HMDB | Nicotinamida | HMDB | Nicotinamidum | HMDB | Nicotine acid amide | HMDB | Nicotine amide | HMDB | Nicotinic amide | HMDB | Nicotinsaureamid | HMDB | Nicotol | HMDB | Nicotylamide | HMDB | Nicotylamidum | HMDB | Nicovel | HMDB | Nicovit | HMDB | Nicovitina | HMDB | Nicovitol | HMDB | Nicozymin | HMDB | Nictoamide | HMDB | Niko-tamin | HMDB | Niocinamide | HMDB | Niozymin | HMDB | Papulex | HMDB | Pelmin | HMDB | Pelmine | HMDB | Pelonin amide | HMDB | PP-Faktor | HMDB | Propamine a | HMDB | Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid amide | HMDB | Savacotyl | HMDB | Vi-nicotyl | HMDB | Vi-noctyl | HMDB | Witamina PP | HMDB | 3 Pyridinecarboxamide | HMDB | Astra brand OF niacinamide | HMDB | b 3, Vitamin | HMDB | Niacinamide merck brand | HMDB | Pharmagenix brand OF niacinamide | HMDB | b3, Vitamin | HMDB | Enduramide | HMDB | Jenapharm, nicotinsäureamid | HMDB | Niacinamide jenapharm brand | HMDB | Niacinamide pharmagenix brand | HMDB | Jenapharm brand OF niacinamide | HMDB | Nicotinsäureamid jenapharm | HMDB | Vitamin b 3 | HMDB | Merck brand OF niacinamide | HMDB | Niacinamide astra brand | HMDB | Niacinamide | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C6H6N2O |
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Average Molecular Weight | 122.1246 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 122.048012824 |
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IUPAC Name | pyridine-3-carboxamide |
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Traditional Name | nicotinamide |
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CAS Registry Number | 98-92-0 |
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SMILES | NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9) |
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InChI Key | DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinamides. These are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Pyridines and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Nicotinamides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Nicotinamide
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Primary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxamide group
- Azacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Health effect: |
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Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
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Process | Naturally occurring process: |
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Role | Biological role: Industrial application: |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 130 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 500 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | -0.37 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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Predicted Properties | |
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Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS) | splash10-004i-0900000000-acb6a21304b0c09c8472 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004r-0900000000-ce86dcff0153b66dd538 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS) | splash10-004i-9500000000-790385e574240b8d39de | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) | splash10-0udi-2910000000-d760b65bb76d6464038e | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) | splash10-004i-4900000000-47c6f72d1bb5465c1376 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0kor-9800000000-1809e537780b814af0c9 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0kor-9800000000-c4a5ff5285417499eff8 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004i-0900000000-0e84a60cc2a2d44704f4 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004i-0900000000-acb6a21304b0c09c8472 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004r-0900000000-ce86dcff0153b66dd538 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004i-9500000000-790385e574240b8d39de | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0udi-2910000000-d760b65bb76d6464038e | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004i-4900000000-47c6f72d1bb5465c1376 | Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004i-0900000000-23a567506bfbc259e77c | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-05fr-8900000000-931c139355be3ef594f2 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-00di-2900000000-72a7c92eb2667f5b6c3f | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-001i-9000000000-6486d230a4a2fd4bab0e | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-001i-9000000000-6486d230a4a2fd4bab0e | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive | splash10-0kor-9800000000-89d56b6cb7e033699d24 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive | splash10-00di-0900000000-eed71abbb10ba926c13d | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive | splash10-00di-3900000000-0c62aa6aba6e23b6c195 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive | splash10-001i-9100000000-4357a8833611d1756c59 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-c9685717817d0081fe6d | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive | splash10-0fc0-9000000000-ec0ccca306f38cf72a78 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive | splash10-00di-4900000000-f6d71a6c467f84ddd6ab | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive | splash10-001i-9100000000-62c4bd312efbfa37d1a1 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive | splash10-00di-4900000000-05714b528dc84942b9db | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive | splash10-001i-9100000000-edb6a77c0dfdcbdacc5d | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive | splash10-00di-0900000000-eed71abbb10ba926c13d | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive | splash10-00di-3900000000-0c62aa6aba6e23b6c195 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive | splash10-001i-9100000000-4357a8833611d1756c59 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-c9685717817d0081fe6d | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive | splash10-0fc0-9000000000-ec0ccca306f38cf72a78 | Spectrum | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-00di-0900000000-960acce7ead55399b5db | Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-00di-0900000000-2c7ec333d35eb740520a | Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-0089-9600000000-466f98885e2efba73575 | Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0ue9-9200000000-6ef8d7e5edcdd0b02758 | Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-00di-1900000000-f38177aa475e58941088 | Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-00fr-9800000000-6a883d82fcd7c450f6ce | Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-0006-9000000000-882d0c59d946a5087b9f | Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0kor-9600000000-2b1c5667d92bc1b80b36 | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | - Blood
- Breast Milk
- Feces
- Urine
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Tissue Locations | - Bladder
- Epidermis
- Fibroblasts
- Neuron
- Pancreas
- Placenta
- Prostate
- Spleen
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.03 +/- 0.01 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.44 +/- 0.0054 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Breast Milk | Detected and Quantified | 5.3 +/- 3.3 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.30 +/- 0.51 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.29 +/- 0.24 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | uremia | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Crohns disease | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Ulcerative colitis | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (6 - 18 years old) | Not Specified | Unclassified IBD | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | asymptomatic diverticulosis | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Uremia |
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- Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A: Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1258-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121175. Epub 2012 May 24. [PubMed:22626821 ]
| Crohn's disease |
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- Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
| Ulcerative colitis |
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- Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
| Diverticular disease |
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- Tursi A, Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, Elisei W, Miccheli A, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Campagna G, Picchio M, Giorgetti G, Fabiocchi F, Brandimarte G: Assessment of Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;50 Suppl 1:S9-S12. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000626. [PubMed:27622378 ]
| Colorectal cancer |
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- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | DB02701 |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB012485 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00000209 |
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Chemspider ID | 911 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C00153 |
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BioCyc ID | NIACINAMIDE |
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BiGG ID | 34058 |
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Wikipedia Link | Nicotinamide |
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METLIN ID | 1497 |
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PubChem Compound | 936 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 17154 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | NCAM |
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MarkerDB ID | |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Galat, Alexander. Nicotinamide from nicotinonitrile by catalytic hydration. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1948), 70 3945. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Draelos ZD, Ertel K, Berge C: Niacinamide-containing facial moisturizer improves skin barrier and benefits subjects with rosacea. Cutis. 2005 Aug;76(2):135-41. [PubMed:16209160 ]
- Soma Y, Kashima M, Imaizumi A, Takahama H, Kawakami T, Mizoguchi M: Moisturizing effects of topical nicotinamide on atopic dry skin. Int J Dermatol. 2005 Mar;44(3):197-202. [PubMed:15807725 ]
- Authors unspecified: Final report of the safety assessment of niacinamide and niacin. Int J Toxicol. 2005;24 Suppl 5:1-31. [PubMed:16596767 ]
- Draelos ZD, Matsubara A, Smiles K: The effect of 2% niacinamide on facial sebum production. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2006 Jun;8(2):96-101. [PubMed:16766489 ]
- Schulpis K, Spiropoulos A, Gavrili S, Karikas G, Grigori C, Vlachos G, Papassotiriou I: Maternal - neonatal folate and vitamin B12 serum concentrations in Greeks and in Albanian immigrants. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2004 Oct;17(5):443-8. [PubMed:15357698 ]
- Yang L, Yao Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Shi J: [Expression of nicotinamide edenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase gene in placenta of patients with pregnancy induced hypertension]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2002 Nov;37(11):660-2. [PubMed:12487919 ]
- Sonee M, Martens JR, Mukherjee SK: Nicotinamide protects HCN2 cells from the free radical generating toxin, tertiary butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). Neurotox Res. 2002 Nov-Dec;4(7-8):595-599. [PubMed:12709297 ]
- Bayraktar F, Dereli D, Ozgen AG, Yilmaz C: Plasma homocysteine levels in polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocr J. 2004 Dec;51(6):601-8. [PubMed:15644580 ]
- Sonee M, Martens JR, Evers MR, Mukherjee SK: The effect of tertiary butylhydroperoxide and nicotinamide on human cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology. 2003 Jun;24(3):443-8. [PubMed:12782109 ]
- Anisimov AG, Bolotnikov IA: [Nicotinamide decreases DNA destabilization in K562 cells treated with AlF(-4)]. Tsitologiia. 1997;39(9):822-8. [PubMed:9518388 ]
- Matuoka K, Chen KY, Takenawa T: Rapid reversion of aging phenotypes by nicotinamide through possible modulation of histone acetylation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Dec;58(14):2108-16. [PubMed:11814060 ]
- Bartalena L, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Lai A: Oxidative stress and Graves' ophthalmopathy: in vitro studies and therapeutic implications. Biofactors. 2003;19(3-4):155-63. [PubMed:14757966 ]
- Bissett DL, Oblong JE, Berge CA: Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatol Surg. 2005 Jul;31(7 Pt 2):860-5; discussion 865. [PubMed:16029679 ]
- Baeza N, Moriscot C, Figarella C, Guy-Crotte O, Vialettes B: Reg protein: a potential beta-cell-specific growth factor? Diabetes Metab. 1996 Jul;22(4):229-34. [PubMed:8767167 ]
- Hoskin PJ, Rojas AM, Phillips H, Saunders MI: Acute and late morbidity in the treatment of advanced bladder carcinoma with accelerated radiotherapy, carbogen, and nicotinamide. Cancer. 2005 Jun 1;103(11):2287-97. [PubMed:15834926 ]
- Rembold CM: Combination therapy of dyslipidemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep. 2004 Oct;4(5):330-4. [PubMed:15461896 ]
- Kawasaki E, Abiru N, Eguchi K: Prevention of type 1 diabetes: from the view point of beta cell damage. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004 Dec;66 Suppl 1:S27-32. [PubMed:15563975 ]
- Rybak ME, Pfeiffer CM: Clinical analysis of vitamin B(6): determination of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with chlorite postcolumn derivatization. Anal Biochem. 2004 Oct 15;333(2):336-44. [PubMed:15450810 ]
- Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
- Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A: Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1258-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121175. Epub 2012 May 24. [PubMed:22626821 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
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