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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (7) Show 7 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

Update Date

2023-02-21 17:15:45 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0001525

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB01525

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Imidazole

Description

Imidazole is an organic compound with the formula C3N2H4. It is a white or colourless solid that is soluble in water, producing a mildly alkaline solution. In chemistry, it is an aromatic heterocycle, classified as a diazole, and has non-adjacent nitrogen atoms. Imidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is classified as an alkaloid. The ring system of the molecule is present in important biological building blocks such as histidine and histamine. Imidazole can act as a base and as a weak acid. Imidazole exists in two tautomeric forms with the hydrogen atom moving between the two nitrogens. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as antifungal drugs and nitroimidazole. Imidazole is a 5 membered planar ring which is soluble in water and polar solvents. Imidazole is a base and an excellent nucleophile. It reacts at the NH nitrogen, attacking alkylating and acylating compounds. It is not particularly susceptible to electrophilic attacks at the carbon atoms, and most of these reactions are substitutions that keep the aromaticity intact. One can see from the resonance structure that the carbon-2 is the carbon most likely to have a nucleophile attack it, but in general nucleophilic substitutions are difficult with imidazole. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological molecules. The most obvious is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side chain. histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes and plays a vital part in the structure and binding functions of hemoglobin.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

View in JSmol View NMR Assignments View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,3-Diaza-2,4-cyclopentadiene	ChEBI
1,3-Diazole	ChEBI
Glyoxaline	ChEBI
Him	ChEBI
IMD	ChEBI
Imidazol	ChEBI
Iminazole	ChEBI
Miazole	ChEBI
N,N'-1,2-ethenediylmethanimidamide	ChEBI
N,N'-vinyleneformamidine	ChEBI
Pyrro[b]monazole	ChEBI
1H-Imidazole	HMDB
Glyoxalin	HMDB
Imutex	HMDB
Pyrro(b)monazole	HMDB
{Pyrro[b]monazole}	HMDB
Imidazole acetate	HMDB
Imidazole monophosphonate	HMDB
Imidazole sodium	HMDB
Imidazolium chloride	HMDB
Al-imidazole	HMDB
Imidazole citrate	HMDB
Cu-imidazole	HMDB
Imidazole conjugate monoacid	HMDB
Imidazole monohydrochloride	HMDB
Imidazole	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₃H₄N₂

Average Molecular Weight

68.0773

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

68.037448138

IUPAC Name

1H-imidazole

Traditional Name

imidazole

CAS Registry Number

288-32-4

SMILES

N1C=CN=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C3H4N2/c1-2-5-3-4-1/h1-3H,(H,4,5)

InChI Key

RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazoles. Imidazoles are compounds containing an imidazole ring, which is an aromatic five-member ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and three carbon atoms.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Azoles

Sub Class

Imidazoles

Direct Parent

Imidazoles

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Heteroaromatic compound
Imidazole
Azacycle
Organic nitrogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organonitrogen compound
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent (CHEBI:16069 )
monocyclic heteroarene (CHEBI:16069 )
imidazole (CHEBI:16069 )
an aromatic compound (IMIDAZOLE-RING )

Ontology

Physiological effect

Disposition

Biological location

Cellular substructure

Inner mitochondrial membrane (PMID: 31315173)

Process

Naturally occurring process

Biological process

Cellular process

Apoptosis (PMID: 19368971)

Biochemical process

Proton trap for oxidative phosphorylation (PMID: 12297275)

Role

Biological role

Stabilizing agent

Stabilizing cytochrome oxidase (PMID: 10413476)
Proton trap for oxidative phosphorylation (PMID: 12297275)
Stabilizing mitochondrial structure (PMID: 10413476;)

Molecular messenger

Apoptosis (PMID: 19368971)

Transporter

Cholesterol translocation (PMID: 11111099)

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	90.5 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	-0.08	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Not Available

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	538 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.21	ALOGPS
logP	-0.15	ChemAxon
logS	0.9	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.4	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	6.97	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	28.68 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	19.01 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	6.56 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DarkChem	[M+H]+	107.706	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	103.386	31661259
AllCCS	[M+H]+	115.133	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	115.77	32859911
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	119.255	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	116.965	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	152.878	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	127.406	30932474
AllCCS	[M+H]+	115.1	32859911
AllCCS	[M+H-H2O]+	109.7	32859911
AllCCS	[M+NH4]+	120.2	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na]+	121.6	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	115.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na-2H]-	120.4	32859911
AllCCS	[M+HCOO]-	125.4	32859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
Imidazole	N1C=CN=C1	2213.1	Standard polar	33892256
Imidazole	N1C=CN=C1	983.4	Standard non polar	33892256
Imidazole	N1C=CN=C1	1038.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / Structure	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
Imidazole,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1	1130.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Imidazole,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1	1085.2	Standard non polar	33892256
Imidazole,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1	1352.3	Standard polar	33892256
Imidazole,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1	1349.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Imidazole,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1	1260.1	Standard non polar	33892256
Imidazole,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1	1520.7	Standard polar	33892256

Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazole EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014l-9000000000-e6b2b7faf77dcf80d593	2017-09-12	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazole EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014l-9000000000-e6b2b7faf77dcf80d593	2018-05-18	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazole GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-014i-9000000000-ba9a75409716dbd6ae14	2017-08-28	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazole GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)	splash10-014l-9000000000-2ca95342014cfc85bb74	2012-07-24	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)	splash10-014i-9000000000-7d24c7b22fb67b2a5b76	2012-07-24	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)	splash10-014l-9000000000-f50f9a9c83174e9c149f	2012-07-24	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOF	splash10-014l-9000000000-e6b2b7faf77dcf80d593	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-76b001eeacbb900271fa	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-5398a23c5b95419a1e5b	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-ad715dac27bd6d79523d	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-9dad13fc804c087084a8	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-36c1868da6ae549e0d51	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-76b001eeacbb900271fa	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-5398a23c5b95419a1e5b	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-ad715dac27bd6d79523d	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-9dad13fc804c087084a8	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF	splash10-014l-9000000000-36c1868da6ae549e0d51	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-0b1bce58fb1f7bcc7093	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 35V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014l-9000000000-1e75707c493cc0d66885	2021-09-20	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 10V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-b3d4133417298a44a53b	2017-07-26	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 20V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-ec4b53ab61f0e52b88c1	2017-07-26	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 40V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-0006-9000000000-eff641f0ad5995348cb6	2017-07-26	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 10V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-e5fe87bd22a87dc81aaf	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 20V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-e5fe87bd22a87dc81aaf	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 40V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-0006-9000000000-984396e105296a5464dd	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 10V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-985af79883cf80d0af6b	2017-07-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 20V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014i-9000000000-d6f5b271615f8e978a66	2017-07-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazole 40V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-014l-9000000000-4f888ed0233af45d54e5	2017-07-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Deposition Date	Source	View
Experimental 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	2012-12-04	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-29	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, Methanol, experimental)	2021-10-10	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 400 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	2012-12-05	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted IR Spectrum	IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)	2023-02-03	FELIX lab	View Spectrum
Predicted IR Spectrum	IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)	2023-02-03	FELIX lab	View Spectrum
Predicted IR Spectrum	IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)	2023-02-03	FELIX lab	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)

Biospecimen Locations

Urine

Tissue Locations

Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Gland
Epidermis
Liver
Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Testis

Pathways

Not Available

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.42 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Shaykhutdinov RA,...	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

None

Associated OMIM IDs

None

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB03366

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB012307

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

773

KEGG Compound ID

C01589

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Imidazole

METLIN ID

4190

PubChem Compound

795

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

16069

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

MarkerDB ID

Not Available

Good Scents ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Lu, Zhongmin; Liu, Xinzheng. Review of process for synthesis of imidazole. Huagong Shikan (1999), 13(2), 26-27.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Bruynseels J, De Coster R, Van Rooy P, Wouters W, Coene MC, Snoeck E, Raeymaekers A, Freyne E, Sanz G, Vanden Bussche G, et al.: R 75251, a new inhibitor of steroid biosynthesis. Prostate. 1990;16(4):345-57. [PubMed:2164659 ]
Sheu JR, Hsiao G, Shen MY, Lin WY, Tzeng CR: The hyperaggregability of platelets from normal pregnancy is mediated through thromboxane A2 and cyclic AMP pathways. Clin Lab Haematol. 2002 Apr;24(2):121-9. [PubMed:11985559 ]
Lamberts SW, Bruining HA, Marzouk H, Zuiderwijk J, Uitterlinden P, Blijd JJ, Hackeng WH, De Jong FH: The new aromatase inhibitor CGS-16949A suppresses aldosterone and cortisol production by human adrenal cells in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989 Oct;69(4):896-901. [PubMed:2550511 ]
Luft FC, Mann JF: New classes of antihypertensive drugs and new findings with established agents. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1992 Oct;1(1):91-9. [PubMed:1365836 ]
Allolio B, Stuttmann R, Winkelmann W: Missing effect of etomidate on testosterone secretion in man. Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Jan 15;64(2):86-8. [PubMed:3005757 ]
Schraag S, Pawlik M, Mohl U, Bohm BO, Georgieff M: The role of ascorbic acid and xylitol in etomidate-induced adrenocortical suppression in humans. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1996 Jul;13(4):346-51. [PubMed:8842654 ]
Cotovio J, Roguet R, Pion FX, Rougier A, Leclaire J: Effect of imidazole derivatives on cytochrome P-450 enzyme activities in a reconstructed human epidermis. Skin Pharmacol. 1996;9(4):242-9. [PubMed:8896115 ]
Kuhlkamp V, Schmid F, Ress KM, Kramer BK, Mayer F, Liebich HM, Risler T, Seipel L: Quantification of cibenzoline and its imidazole metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography in human serum. J Chromatogr. 1990 Jun 8;528(1):267-73. [PubMed:2384563 ]
Santella RM, Yang XY, Hsieh LL, Young TL: Immunologic methods for the detection of carcinogen adducts in humans. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;340C:247-57. [PubMed:2199982 ]
Howden CW, Kenyon CJ, Beastall GH, Reid JL: Inhibition by omeprazole of adrenocortical response to ACTH: clinical studies and experiments on bovine adrenal cortex in vitro. Clin Sci (Lond). 1986 Jan;70(1):99-102. [PubMed:3002707 ]
Baynes J, Levine M: Urea-extractable protein from human epidermis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Jul 19;439(1):107-15. [PubMed:952948 ]
Shishu, Singla AK, Kaur IP: Inhibitory effect of dibenzoylmethane on mutagenicity of food-derived heterocyclic amine mutagens. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(6-7):575-82. [PubMed:13678246 ]
Caccuri AM, Ascenzi P, Lo Bello M, Federici G, Battistoni A, Mazzetti P, Ricci G: Are the steady state kinetics of glutathione transferase always dependent on the deprotonation of the bound glutathione? New insights in the kinetic mechanism of GST P 1-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 May 16;200(3):1428-34. [PubMed:8185596 ]
Vanden Bossche H, Marichal P, Gorrens J, Coene MC, Willemsens G, Bellens D, Roels I, Moereels H, Janssen PA: Biochemical approaches to selective antifungal activity. Focus on azole antifungals. Mycoses. 1989;32 Suppl 1:35-52. [PubMed:2561184 ]
Smith DP, Smith DG, Curtain CC, Boas JF, Pilbrow JR, Ciccotosto GD, Lau TL, Tew DJ, Perez K, Wade JD, Bush AI, Drew SC, Separovic F, Masters CL, Cappai R, Barnham KJ: Copper-mediated amyloid-beta toxicity is associated with an intermolecular histidine bridge. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 2;281(22):15145-54. Epub 2006 Apr 4. [PubMed:16595673 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Nitric oxide synthase, inducible

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such COX2.
Gene Name:: NOS2
Uniprot ID:: P35228
Molecular weight:: 131116.3

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

Enzyme Details

2. Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase

General function:: Involved in binding
Specific function:: Epoxide hydrolase that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of the proinflammatory mediator leukotriene B4. Has also aminopeptidase activity.
Gene Name:: LTA4H
Uniprot ID:: P09960
Molecular weight:: 69284.64

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

Enzyme Details

3. Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1

General function:: Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific function:: May affect the structure or silencing of chromatin by phosphorylating HP1 gamma/CBX3. Isoform 2 promotes the G1/S transition of the cell cycle via up-regulation of CDK2 activity and phosphorylation of CDKN1B, resulting in enhanced nuclear export and proteasome-dependent degradation of CDKN1B. Isoform 2 also represses CDKN1B transcription by phosphorylating and inactivating the transcription factor FOXO3. Plays a role in signal transduction in blood cells. Contributes to both cell proliferation and survival and thus provides a selective advantage in tumorigenesis
Gene Name:: PIM1
Uniprot ID:: P11309
Molecular weight:: 45411.9

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

Enzyme Details

4. Cytochrome c

General function:: Involved in iron ion binding
Specific function:: Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti- apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases
Gene Name:: CYCS
Uniprot ID:: P99999
Molecular weight:: 11748.7

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

Enzyme Details

5. Myoglobin

General function:: Involved in iron ion binding
Specific function:: Serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles
Gene Name:: MB
Uniprot ID:: P02144
Molecular weight:: 17183.7

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

Enzyme Details

6. Gephyrin

General function:: Involved in Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
Specific function:: Microtubule-associated protein involved in membrane protein-cytoskeleton interactions. It is thought to anchor the inhibitory glycine receptor (GLYR) to subsynaptic microtubules (By similarity). Catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. In the first step, molybdopterin is adenylated. Subsequently, molybdate is inserted into adenylated molybdopterin and AMP is released.
Gene Name:: GPHN
Uniprot ID:: Q9NQX3
Molecular weight:: 79747.635

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

Enzyme Details

7. Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:: Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. This small ubiquitous enzyme involved in energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis that is essential for maintenance and cell growth. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis.
Gene Name:: AK2
Uniprot ID:: P54819
Molecular weight:: 24648.125

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

Showing metabocard for Imidazole (HMDB0001525)

MOL for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

3D MOL for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

3D SDF for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

3D-SDF for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

PDB for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

3D PDB for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

SMILES for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

INCHI for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

Structure for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

3D Structure for HMDB0001525 (Imidazole)

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Derivatized

GC-MS Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

NMR Spectra

IR Spectra

Enzymes

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