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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 15:12:24 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:16:30 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002991
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0060150
  • HMDB02991
  • HMDB60150
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCysteamine
DescriptionCysteamine is a product of the constitutive degradation of coenzyme A, a process that occurs in all tissues, although some tissues such as brain and heart may have exceptionally high coenzyme A turnover rates. Cysteamine has only one known function, and that is as a precursor for the formation of hypotaurine, which is subsequently oxidized to taurine. The rate of cysteamine production as a result of coenzyme A breakdown is not well understood but it is clear that cysteamine levels are not as dramatically affected by dietary habits as are cysteine levels. Cysteamine is generated from hypotaurine by cysteamine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.19), an enzyme that was recently identified in mammals (PMID:17581819 ). Cysteamine is the simplest stable aminothiol found in the body. It is used in the treatment of disorders of cystine excretion. Cysteamine cleaves the disulfide bond with cysteine to produce molecules that can escape the metabolic defect in cystinosis and cystinuria. Cyst(e)amine may also serve as an endogenous regulator of immune system activity as well as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Huntington disease. Cysteamine is also used as a radiation-protective agent that oxidizes in air to form cystamine. It can be given intravenously or orally to treat radiation sickness.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC2H7NS
Average Molecular Weight77.149
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight77.029919919
IUPAC Name2-aminoethane-1-thiol
Traditional Namecysteamine
CAS Registry Number60-23-1
SMILES
NCCS
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C2H7NS/c3-1-2-4/h4H,1-3H2
InChI KeyUFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylthiols. These are organic compounds containing the thiol functional group linked to an alkyl chain.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganosulfur compounds
ClassThiols
Sub ClassAlkylthiols
Direct ParentAlkylthiols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alkylthiol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point98 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Leukocyte
  • Pancreas
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<1 nmol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00847
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023091
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID5834
KEGG Compound IDC01678
BioCyc IDCPD-239
BiGG ID1808054
Wikipedia LinkCysteamine
METLIN ID3222
PubChem Compound6058
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17141
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDCYSAM
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in hormone activity
Specific function:
Somatostatin inhibits the release of somatotropin
Gene Name:
SST
Uniprot ID:
P61278
Molecular weight:
12735.4
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides
Specific function:
Amidohydrolase that hydrolyzes specifically one of the carboamide linkages in D-pantetheine thus recycling pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and releasing cysteamine.
Gene Name:
VNN1
Uniprot ID:
O95497
Molecular weight:
57011.16
Reactions
Pantetheine + Water → Pantothenic acid + Cysteaminedetails
General function:
Involved in cysteamine dioxygenase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADO
Uniprot ID:
Q96SZ5
Molecular weight:
29750.535
Reactions
Cysteamine + Oxygen → Hypotaurinedetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Amidohydrolase that hydrolyzes specifically one of the carboamide linkages in D-pantetheine thus recycling pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and releasing cysteamine. Involved in the thymus homing of bone marrow cells. May regulate beta-2 integrin-mediated cell adhesion, migration and motility of neutrophil.
Gene Name:
VNN2
Uniprot ID:
O95498
Molecular weight:
33256.93
Reactions
Pantetheine + Water → Pantothenic acid + Cysteaminedetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Amidohydrolase that hydrolyzes specifically one of the carboamide linkages in D-pantetheine thus recycling pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and releasing cysteamine.
Gene Name:
VNN3
Uniprot ID:
Q9NY84
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Pantetheine + Water → Pantothenic acid + Cysteaminedetails