Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:00 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000234
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00234
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTestosterone
DescriptionTestosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid from the androstane class of steroids. It is the most important androgen in potency and quantity for vertebrates. In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. In addition, testosterone is involved in health and well-being, and the prevention of osteoporosis. Testosterone exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor. In mammals, testosterone is metabolized mainly in the liver. Approximately 50% of testosterone is metabolized via conjugation into testosterone glucuronide and to a lesser extent testosterone sulfate by glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases. An additional 40% of testosterone is metabolized in equal proportions into the 17-ketosteroids androsterone and etiocholanolone via the combined actions of 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases, 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17beta-HSD. Like other steroid hormones, testosterone is derived from cholesterol. The first step in the biosynthesis of testosterone involves the oxidative cleavage of the side-chain of cholesterol by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc, CYP11A1) to give pregnenolone. In the next step, two additional carbon atoms are removed by the CYP17A1 (17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) enzyme to yield a variety of C19 steroids. In addition, the 3beta-hydroxyl group is oxidized by 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to produce androstenedione. In the final and rate limiting step, the C17 keto group androstenedione is reduced by 17beta-hydroxysteroid hydrogenase to yield testosterone. Testosterone is synthesized and released by the Leydig cells in the testes that lie between the tubules and comprise less than 5% of the total testicular volume. Testosterone diffuses into the seminiferous tubules where it is essential for maintaining spermatogenesis. Some testosterone binds to an androgen-binding protein (ABP) that is produced by the Sertoli cells and is homologous to the sex-hormone binding globulin that transports testosterone in the general circulation. The ABP carries testosterone in the testicular fluid where it maintains the activity of the accessory sex glands and may also help to retain testosterone within the tubule and bind excess free hormone. Some testosterone is converted to estradiol by Sertoli cell-derived aromatase enzyme. Leydig cell steroidogenesis is controlled primarily by luteinizing hormone with negative feedback of testosterone on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The requirement of spermatogenesis for high local concentrations of testosterone means that loss of androgen production is likely to be accompanied by loss of spermatogenesis. Indeed, if testicular androgen production is inhibited by the administration of exogenous androgens then spermatogenesis ceases. This is the basis of using exogenous testosterone as a male contraceptive. The largest amounts of testosterone (>95%) are produced by the testes in men, while the adrenal glands account for most of the remainder. Testosterone is also synthesized in far smaller total quantities in women by the adrenal glands, thecal cells of the ovaries, and, during pregnancy, by the placenta. Testosterone levels fall by about 1% each year in men. Therefore, with increasing longevity and the aging of the population, the number of older men with testosterone deficiency will increase substantially over the next several decades. Serum testosterone levels decrease progressively in aging men, but the rate and magnitude of decrease vary considerably. Approximately 1% of healthy young men have total serum testosterone levels below normal; in contrast, approximately 20% of healthy men over age 60 years have serum testosterone levels below normal. (PMID: 17904450 , 17875487 ).
Structure
Data?1582752117
Synonyms
ValueSource
17beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-oneChEBI
4-Androsten-17beta-ol-3-oneChEBI
AndrodermChEBI
TestosteronChEBI
TestosteronaChEBI
TestosteronumChEBI
AndrogelKegg
AxironKegg
StriantKegg
TestimKegg
17b-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-oneGenerator
17Β-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-oneGenerator
4-Androsten-17b-ol-3-oneGenerator
4-Androsten-17β-ol-3-oneGenerator
(+)-TestosteroneHMDB
(+-)-8-Iso-testosteroneHMDB
(+-)-RetrotestosteroneHMDB
(+-)-TestosteroneHMDB
(17b)-17-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
13-Iso-testosteroneHMDB
17-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-oneHMDB
17-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17-Hydroxy-D4-androsten-3-oneHMDB
17a-Hydroxy-(13a)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17a-Hydroxy-13a-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17a-Hydroxy-14b-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17a-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-(10a)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-(13a)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-(8a)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-(8a,10a)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-(9b)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-(9b,10a)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-13a-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-8a-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-ONHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxy-D4-androsten-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-oneHMDB
17b-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-oneHMDB
17b-TestosteroneHMDB
4-Androsten-3-one-17b-olHMDB
8-Iso-testosteroneHMDB
9b,10a-TestosteroneHMDB
9b-TestosteroneHMDB
AndrolinHMDB
AndronaqHMDB
AndropatchHMDB
Androst-4-en-17b-ol-3-oneHMDB
Androst-4-ene-17b-ol-3-oneHMDB
AndrusolHMDB
Cristerona THMDB
D4-Androsten-17b-ol-3-oneHMDB
EpitestosteronHMDB
Geno-cristaux gremyHMDB
HomosteronHMDB
HomosteroneHMDB
LumitestosteronHMDB
MertestateHMDB
NeotestisHMDB
OretonHMDB
OrquisteronHMDB
PerandrenHMDB
Percutacrine androgeniqueHMDB
PrimotestHMDB
PrimotestonHMDB
rac-17b-Hydroxy-(13a)androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
rac-17b-Hydroxy-(8a)-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
rac-17b-Hydroxy-(9b,10a)androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
rac-17b-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-oneHMDB
RelibraHMDB
RetrotestosteroneHMDB
SustanonHMDB
SustanoneHMDB
Sustason 250HMDB
Synandrol FHMDB
TeslenHMDB
TestandroneHMDB
TesticulosteroneHMDB
TestobaseHMDB
TestodermHMDB
TestogelHMDB
TestolentHMDB
TestolinHMDB
TestoproponHMDB
TestosteroidHMDB
Testoviron scheringHMDB
Testoviron THMDB
Testro aqHMDB
TestroneHMDB
TestrylHMDB
TostrelleHMDB
TostrexHMDB
ViatrelHMDB
VirormoneHMDB
VirosteroneHMDB
AndrotopHMDB
CEPA brand OF testosteroneHMDB
HisteroneHMDB
SmithKline beecham brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Solvay brand OF testosteroneHMDB
SterotateHMDB
17-beta-Hydroxy-8 alpha-4-androsten-3-oneHMDB
AstraZeneca brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Bartor brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Dr. kade brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Ferring brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Hauck brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Pasadena brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Testosterone sulfateHMDB
Ulmer brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Unimed brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Watson brand OF testosteroneHMDB
17-beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-oneHMDB
8 IsotestosteroneHMDB
8-IsotestosteroneHMDB
Auxilium pharmaceuticals inc. brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Faulding brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Paladin brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Schering brand OF testosteroneHMDB
17 beta Hydroxy 4 androsten 3 oneHMDB
17 beta Hydroxy 8 alpha 4 androsten 3 oneHMDB
GlaxoSmithKline brand OF testosteroneHMDB
Ortho brand OF testosteroneHMDB
TestopelHMDB
Chemical FormulaC19H28O2
Average Molecular Weight288.4244
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight288.20893014
IUPAC Name(1S,2R,10R,11S,14S,15S)-14-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-en-5-one
Traditional Name(1S,2R,10R,11S,14S,15S)-14-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-en-5-one
CAS Registry Number58-22-0
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1
InChI KeyMUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassAndrostane steroids
Direct ParentAndrogens and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Androgen-skeleton
  • 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • 17-hydroxysteroid
  • Delta-4-steroid
  • Cyclohexenone
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point155 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.023 mg/mLNot Available
LogP3.32HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-MetCCS_train_neg175.64530932474
[M+H]+MetCCS_train_pos172.68230932474
[M-H]-Not Available175.645http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000186
[M+H]+Not Available178.4http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000186
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.033 g/LALOGPS
logP2.99ALOGPS
logP3.37ChemAxon
logS-3.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)19.09ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.88ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity84.43 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability33.88 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+171.25731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-167.31331661259
AllCCS[M+H]+174.16732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-178.5132859911
DeepCCS[M-2H]-205.86430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+179.98930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+174.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+171.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+177.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+177.832859911
AllCCS[M-H]-178.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-178.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-178.832859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Testosterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C3544.2Standard polar33892256
Testosterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C2567.6Standard non polar33892256
Testosterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C2768.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Testosterone,1TMS,isomer #1C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]43C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C2764.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,1TMS,isomer #2C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]43C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O2636.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,2TMS,isomer #1C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]43C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C2694.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,2TMS,isomer #1C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]43C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C2693.2Standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,2TMS,isomer #1C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]43C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C2974.7Standard polar33892256
Testosterone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C3021.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@H](O)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@@H]122917.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@@H]123233.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@@H]123170.2Standard non polar33892256
Testosterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC[C@@]2(C)C(=C1)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@@H]123231.9Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-004i-3910000000-d6ace9b7f8aff4dd46d02014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-053u-1920200000-db3504f562c54e6e1bbb2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)splash10-004l-3910000000-b43cd1ee268a855c8aa02014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)splash10-004l-3910000000-356ddfa8ddf8e551278d2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0597-7920000000-dde7fba02fcbcec2d6652017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-05fs-4920000000-ccd839134de79f179f9e2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00ds-0950000000-c65fc8043083ad93d1692017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-3910000000-d6ace9b7f8aff4dd46d02017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-053u-1920200000-db3504f562c54e6e1bbb2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-004l-3910000000-b43cd1ee268a855c8aa02017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-004l-3910000000-356ddfa8ddf8e551278d2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-074i-0390000000-09e2a725ebd92c93dc882017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001j-3349000000-75c3f3e0341bb42eb8192017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Testosterone GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00dv-5940000000-5e22fba0c369374c75df2014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-000i-0090000000-914b212f1dbb7fb7b1ac2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-052b-9800000000-d2e38d44d2f16d0a42032012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-052b-9300000000-6830823fa12b40e784a22012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone EI-B (JEOL JMS-01-SG-2) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0597-7920000000-dde7fba02fcbcec2d6652012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6E) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-05fs-4920000000-ccd839134de79f179f9e2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-00ds-0950000000-48c1f79091d708072f302012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-6900000000-3d818ffe03ecd499e0782017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-7900000000-6db3d23d98d548cbbfaa2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0ukj-2690000000-14b953cb16c53d1e27442017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0uka-2790000000-dcd6839af64c3ef6006e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0090000000-b5f0189f1d6f21b906732017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0090000000-21e1bde01931b051a4a32017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0fe1-0940000000-acd7cb439468ece54d342021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00am-0900000000-9f695ef54b7a75aa0ca52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 55V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-6900000000-cc148be066f76bf120a22021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 80V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-8900000000-5a1a78a963c17ee2f26b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ukj-2690000000-075abfa2a19ae84712fb2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 55V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0uka-2790000000-528f02372cf3ac228b4a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052k-7950000000-7505adc1ceff217131302021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00dr-0190000000-4b469479ef097f60ed902017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00dr-0390000000-8bebba5f70c72e80b6302017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-5890000000-46ba5a59d051001f2a632017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0090000000-3c963477109db1f6b39e2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0090000000-87d4a2534cd39e8c54a82017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Testosterone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0abc-1190000000-abbd0808a06f67c1f6fc2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Ovary
  • Semen
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00260-0.0139 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000693-0.00277 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0156-0.0347 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00139 +/- 0.000763 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00004-0.00215 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-0.00098 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00036-0.0017 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-0.000198 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-0.00012 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-0.0154 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00125-0.0276 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00125 +/- 0.00042 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.013 (0.0083-0.0286) uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000400 uMNot SpecifiedBothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00800 - 0.0400 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000200 - 0.00300 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00936 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0171 +/- 0.00510 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0094 +/- 0.0014 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.00101 (0.00002-0.002) uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.00065 +/- 0.00012 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00120 (0.00108-0.00133) uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000677 (0.000590-0.000764) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00034 +/- 0.00011 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00042 +/- 0.00013 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00033 +/- 0.00014 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00031 +/- 0.00015 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00027 +/- 0.00013 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00028 +/- 0.00013 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000077 +/- 0.000036 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000069 +/- 0.000036 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00037 +/- 0.00016 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.00035 +/- 0.00015 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.07 +/- 0.19 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000104 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000624-0.0156 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleAdrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified9.31 (3.31-19.95) uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleCadmium exposure details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00385 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
21-hydroxylase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00121-0.0118 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleWoodhouse-Sakati syndrome details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00198-0.00368 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female21-hydroxylase deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.010 +/- 0.013 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)MaleHypogonadism details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00900-0.0360 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleX-linked ichthyosis details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Prostate cancer
details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000140 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleLipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000140 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleLipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00243 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Female
Schizophrenia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00150-0.00420 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000002 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Female
Aromatase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000693 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Female
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00933 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00184 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.00003400 +/- 0.00001665 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedLeuprolide acetate-induced hypogonadism details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.000497 +/- 0.000222 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedLeuprolide acetate-induced hypogonadism with testosterone replacment details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Hypogonadism
  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone [Link]
Cadmium exposure
  1. Zeng X, Lin T, Zhou Y, Kong Q: Alterations of serum hormone levels in male workers occupationally exposed to cadmium. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2002 Apr 12;65(7):513-21. [PubMed:11939709 ]
Prostate cancer
  1. Madu CO, Lu Y: Novel diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. J Cancer. 2010 Oct 6;1:150-77. [PubMed:20975847 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Bicikova M, Hill M, Ripova D, Mohr P, Hampl R: Determination of steroid metabolome as a possible tool for laboratory diagnosis of schizophrenia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Jan;133:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Aug 24. [PubMed:22944140 ]
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
  1. Hattori N, Ishihara T, Moridera K, Hino M, Ikekubo K, Kurahachi H: A case of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to partial 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. Endocr J. 1993 Feb;40(1):107-9. [PubMed:7951484 ]
  2. Benkert AR, Young M, Robinson D, Hendrickson C, Lee PA, Strauss KA: Severe Salt-Losing 3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Treatment and Outcomes of HSD3B2 c.35G>A Homozygotes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):E1105-15. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2098. Epub 2015 Jun 16. [PubMed:26079780 ]
  3. Guven A, Polat S: Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumor in Two Brothers with a Novel Mutation in the 3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 Gene. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2017 Mar 1;9(1):85-90. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.3306. Epub 2016 Jul 29. [PubMed:27476613 ]
11-beta-Hydroxylase deficiency
  1. Burren CP, Montalto J, Yong AB, Batch JA: CYP11 beta 1 (11-beta-hydroxylase) deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Paediatr Child Health. 1996 Oct;32(5):433-8. [PubMed:8933406 ]
Aromatase deficiency
  1. Mullis PE, Yoshimura N, Kuhlmann B, Lippuner K, Jaeger P, Harada H: Aromatase deficiency in a female who is compound heterozygote for two new point mutations in the P450arom gene: impact of estrogens on hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, multicystic ovaries, and bone densitometry in childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jun;82(6):1739-45. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.6.3994. [PubMed:9177373 ]
21-Hydroxylase deficiency
  1. Warinner SA, Zimmerman D, Thompson GB, Grant CS: Study of three patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia treated by bilateral adrenalectomy. World J Surg. 2000 Nov;24(11):1347-52. [PubMed:11038205 ]
  2. Gmyrek GA, New MI, Sosa RE, Poppas DP: Bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy as a treatment for classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia attributable to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Pediatrics. 2002 Feb;109(2):E28. [PubMed:11826238 ]
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, due to 17-Hydroxylase-Deficiency
  1. Wong SL, Shu SG, Tsai CR: Seventeen alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. J Formos Med Assoc. 2006 Feb;105(2):177-81. doi: 10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60342-9. [PubMed:16477341 ]
Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete
  1. Kim CJ, Lin L, Huang N, Quigley CA, AvRuskin TW, Achermann JC, Miller WL: Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Mar;93(3):696-702. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-2330. Epub 2008 Jan 8. [PubMed:18182448 ]
Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome
  1. Woodhouse NJ, Sakati NA: A syndrome of hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, mental retardation, deafness, and ECG abnormalities. J Med Genet. 1983 Jun;20(3):216-9. [PubMed:6876115 ]
X-linked ichthyosis
  1. Lykkesfeldt G, Bennett P, Lykkesfeldt AE, Micic S, Moller S, Svenstrup B: Abnormal androgen and oestrogen metabolism in men with steroid sulphatase deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1985 Oct;23(4):385-93. [PubMed:3864567 ]
Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  1. Fujieda K, Tajima T, Nakae J, Sageshima S, Tachibana K, Suwa S, Sugawara T, Strauss JF 3rd: Spontaneous puberty in 46,XX subjects with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. Ovarian steroidogenesis is spared to some extent despite inactivating mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene. J Clin Invest. 1997 Mar 15;99(6):1265-71. doi: 10.1172/JCI119284. [PubMed:9077535 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 146110 (Hypogonadism)
  • 176807 (Prostate cancer)
  • 181500 (Schizophrenia)
  • 201810 (Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency)
  • 202010 (11-beta-Hydroxylase deficiency)
  • 613546 (Aromatase deficiency)
  • 201910 (21-Hydroxylase deficiency)
  • 202110 (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, due to 17-Hydroxylase-Deficiency)
  • 613743 (Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete)
  • 241080 (Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome)
  • 308100 (X-linked ichthyosis)
  • 201710 (Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia)
DrugBank IDDB00624
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00003675
Chemspider ID5791
KEGG Compound IDC00535
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTestosterone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6013
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17347
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDTSTSTERONE
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceErcoli, Alberto; De Ruggieri, Pietro. An improved method of preparing testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and some of their esters. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1953), 75 650-3.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Kim YS, Zhang H, Kim HY: Profiling neurosteroids in cerebrospinal fluids and plasma by gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 2000 Jan 15;277(2):187-95. [PubMed:10625505 ]
  2. Cutolo M, Sulli A, Capellino S, Villaggio B, Montagna P, Pizzorni C, Paolino S, Seriolo B, Felli L, Straub RH: Anti-TNF and sex hormones. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jun;1069:391-400. [PubMed:16855166 ]
  3. Schwarz S, Pohl P: Steroid hormones and steroid hormone binding globulins in cerebrospinal fluid studied in individuals with intact and with disturbed blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Neuroendocrinology. 1992 Feb;55(2):174-82. [PubMed:1620285 ]
  4. Schaap LA, Pluijm SM, Smit JH, van Schoor NM, Visser M, Gooren LJ, Lips P: The association of sex hormone levels with poor mobility, low muscle strength and incidence of falls among older men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Aug;63(2):152-60. [PubMed:16060908 ]
  5. Archer JS, Love-Geffen TE, Herbst-Damm KL, Swinney DA, Chang JR: Effect of estradiol versus estradiol and testosterone on brain-activation patterns in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2006 May-Jun;13(3):528-37. [PubMed:16735951 ]
  6. Handelsman DJ: Clinical review: The rationale for banning human chorionic gonadotropin and estrogen blockers in sport. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 May;91(5):1646-53. Epub 2006 Feb 14. [PubMed:16478815 ]
  7. Duschek EJ, Gooren LJ, Netelenbos C: Comparison of effects of the rise in serum testosterone by raloxifene and oral testosterone on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Maturitas. 2005 Jul 16;51(3):286-93. [PubMed:15978972 ]
  8. Huang I, Jones J, Khorram O: Human seminal plasma nitric oxide: correlation with sperm morphology and testosterone. Med Sci Monit. 2006 Mar;12(3):CR103-6. Epub 2006 Feb 23. [PubMed:16501419 ]
  9. Hussein A, Ozgok Y, Ross L, Niederberger C: Clomiphene administration for cases of nonobstructive azoospermia: a multicenter study. J Androl. 2005 Nov-Dec;26(6):787-91; discussion 792-3. [PubMed:16291975 ]
  10. Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Hakkinen K: Short vs. long rest period between the sets in hypertrophic resistance training: influence on muscle strength, size, and hormonal adaptations in trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Aug;19(3):572-82. [PubMed:16095405 ]
  11. Landman AD, Sanford LM, Howland BE, Dawes C, Pritchard ET: Testosterone in human saliva. Experientia. 1976;32(7):940-1. [PubMed:954994 ]
  12. Knickmeyer RC, Wheelwright S, Taylor K, Raggatt P, Hackett G, Baron-Cohen S: Gender-typed play and amniotic testosterone. Dev Psychol. 2005 May;41(3):517-28. [PubMed:15910159 ]
  13. Fejes I, Koloszar S, Szollosi J, Zavaczki Z, Pal A: Is semen quality affected by male body fat distribution? Andrologia. 2005 Oct;37(5):155-9. [PubMed:16266392 ]
  14. Jarow JP, Zirkin BR: The androgen microenvironment of the human testis and hormonal control of spermatogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1061:208-20. [PubMed:16467270 ]
  15. Rovensky J, Radikova Z, Imrich R, Greguska O, Vigas M, Macho L: Gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Endocr Regul. 2004 Dec;38(4):143-9. [PubMed:15841793 ]
  16. Klimek M, Pabian W, Tomaszewska B, Kolodziejczyk J: Levels of plasma ACTH in men from infertile couples. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005 Aug;26(4):347-50. [PubMed:16136011 ]
  17. Shores MM, Matsumoto AM, Sloan KL, Kivlahan DR: Low serum testosterone and mortality in male veterans. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Aug 14-28;166(15):1660-5. [PubMed:16908801 ]
  18. Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, Montori VM: Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;91(6):1995-2010. Epub 2006 May 23. [PubMed:16720669 ]
  19. Jarow JP, Wright WW, Brown TR, Yan X, Zirkin BR: Bioactivity of androgens within the testes and serum of normal men. J Androl. 2005 May-Jun;26(3):343-8. [PubMed:15867001 ]
  20. Bridger T, MacDonald S, Baltzer F, Rodd C: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of metformin for adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Mar;160(3):241-6. [PubMed:16520442 ]
  21. Kazi M, Geraci SA, Koch CA: Considerations for the diagnosis and treatment of testosterone deficiency in elderly men. Am J Med. 2007 Oct;120(10):835-40. [PubMed:17904450 ]
  22. Krone N, Hanley NA, Arlt W: Age-specific changes in sex steroid biosynthesis and sex development. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep;21(3):393-401. [PubMed:17875487 ]
  23. Authors unspecified: Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia in normal men. World Health Organization Task Force on methods for the regulation of male fertility. Lancet. 1990 Oct 20;336(8721):955-9. [PubMed:1977002 ]
  24. Hoberman JM, Yesalis CE: The history of synthetic testosterone. Sci Am. 1995 Feb;272(2):76-81. [PubMed:7817189 ]
  25. Freeman ER, Bloom DA, McGuire EJ: A brief history of testosterone. J Urol. 2001 Feb;165(2):371-3. [PubMed:11176375 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 74 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Gene Name:
MAOA
Uniprot ID:
P21397
Molecular weight:
59681.27
References
  1. Sjoberg RL, Ducci F, Barr CS, Newman TK, Dell'osso L, Virkkunen M, Goldman D: A non-additive interaction of a functional MAO-A VNTR and testosterone predicts antisocial behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Jan;33(2):425-30. Epub 2007 Apr 11. [PubMed:17429405 ]
  2. Hoff KM: Interaction of testosterone with monoamineoxidase in mouse brain maturation. Gen Pharmacol. 1977;8(1):55-7. [PubMed:590724 ]
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of estradiol and estrone. May play a role in the regulation of estrogen receptor activity by metabolizing free estradiol. Maximally sulfates beta-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM. Also sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, ethinylestradiol, equalenin, diethylstilbesterol and 1-naphthol, at significantly higher concentrations; however, cortisol, testosterone and dopamine are not sulfated.
Gene Name:
SULT1E1
Uniprot ID:
P49888
Molecular weight:
35126.185
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2. Functions as a bi-directional 3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. Can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate inactive metabolites. Preferentially transforms androstenedione (4-dione) to testosterone.
Gene Name:
AKR1C3
Uniprot ID:
P42330
Molecular weight:
36866.91
Reactions
Testosterone + NAD → Androstenedione + NADHdetails
Testosterone + NADP → Androstenedione + NADPHdetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione, as well as estradiol and estrone. Also has 20-alpha-HSD activity. Uses NADH while EDH17B3 uses NADPH.
Gene Name:
HSD17B2
Uniprot ID:
P37059
Molecular weight:
42784.75
Reactions
Testosterone + NAD → Androstenedione + NADHdetails
Testosterone + NAD → Androstenedione + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme has glucuronidating capacity with steroid substrates such as 5-beta-androstane 3-alpha,17-beta-diol, estradiol, ADT, eugenol and bile acids. Only isoform 1 seems to be active.
Gene Name:
UGT2B28
Uniprot ID:
Q9BY64
Molecular weight:
38742.9
Reactions
Testosterone + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → Testosterone glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
NAD-dependent 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with highest activity towards estradiol. Has very low activity towards testosterone. The heteroteramer with CBR4 has NADH-dependent 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase activity. May play a role in biosynthesis of fatty acids in mitochondria.
Gene Name:
HSD17B8
Uniprot ID:
Q92506
Molecular weight:
26973.56
Reactions
Testosterone + NAD → Androstenedione + NADHdetails
Testosterone + NAD → Androstenedione + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme is active on polyhydroxylated estrogens (such as estriol, 4-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestriol) and xenobiotics (such as 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-aminophenol, 4-hydroxybiphenyl and menthol). It is capable of 6 alpha-hydroxyglucuronidation of hyodeoxycholic acid.
Gene Name:
UGT2B4
Uniprot ID:
P06133
Molecular weight:
60512.035
Reactions
Testosterone + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → Testosterone glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate.
Gene Name:
UGT1A4
Uniprot ID:
P22310
Molecular weight:
60024.535
Reactions
Testosterone + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → Testosterone glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.
Gene Name:
UGT2B10
Uniprot ID:
P36537
Molecular weight:
60773.485
Reactions
Testosterone + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → Testosterone glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol suggests it may play an important role in regulating the level and activity of these potent and active estrogen metabolites. Is also active with androsterone, hyodeoxycholic acid and tetrachlorocatechol (in vitro).
Gene Name:
UGT2B7
Uniprot ID:
P16662
Molecular weight:
60720.15
Reactions
Testosterone + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → Testosterone glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Katoh M, Nakajima M, Yamazaki H, Yokoi T: Inhibitory effects of CYP3A4 substrates and their metabolites on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001 Feb;12(4):505-13. [PubMed:11231118 ]
  2. Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. [PubMed:11602674 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123
Gene Name:
ABCG2
Uniprot ID:
Q9UNQ0
Molecular weight:
72313.5
References
  1. Janvilisri T, Venter H, Shahi S, Reuter G, Balakrishnan L, van Veen HW: Sterol transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) expressed in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20645-51. Epub 2003 Mar 28. [PubMed:12668685 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 1.78. A key substrate of this transporter seems to be ergothioneine (ET)
Gene Name:
SLC22A4
Uniprot ID:
Q9H015
Molecular weight:
62154.5
References
  1. Tzvetkov MV, Vormfelde SV, Balen D, Meineke I, Schmidt T, Sehrt D, Sabolic I, Koepsell H, Brockmoller J: The effects of genetic polymorphisms in the organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 on the renal clearance of metformin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Sep;86(3):299-306. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.92. Epub 2009 Jun 17. [PubMed:19536068 ]
General function:
Involved in bile acid:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium.
Gene Name:
SLC10A1
Uniprot ID:
Q14973
Molecular weight:
38118.64
References
  1. Schroeder A, Eckhardt U, Stieger B, Tynes R, Schteingart CD, Hofmann AF, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Substrate specificity of the rat liver Na(+)-bile salt cotransporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in CHO cells. Am J Physiol. 1998 Feb;274(2 Pt 1):G370-5. [PubMed:9486191 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase
Gene Name:
SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:
O15245
Molecular weight:
61187.4
References
  1. Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [PubMed:9830022 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids
Gene Name:
SLCO1A2
Uniprot ID:
P46721
Molecular weight:
74144.1
References
  1. Lu R, Kanai N, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Regulation of renal oatp mRNA expression by testosterone. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F332-7. [PubMed:8779895 ]
  2. Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Vore M, Schuster VL: Estradiol 17 beta-D-glucuronide is a high-affinity substrate for oatp organic anion transporter. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F326-31. [PubMed:8779894 ]
  3. Bossuyt X, Muller M, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Polyspecific drug and steroid clearance by an organic anion transporter of mammalian liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):891-6. [PubMed:8786566 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain
Gene Name:
SLC22A3
Uniprot ID:
O75751
Molecular weight:
61279.5
References
  1. Tzvetkov MV, Vormfelde SV, Balen D, Meineke I, Schmidt T, Sehrt D, Sabolic I, Koepsell H, Brockmoller J: The effects of genetic polymorphisms in the organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 on the renal clearance of metformin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Sep;86(3):299-306. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.92. Epub 2009 Jun 17. [PubMed:19536068 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, allopurinol, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, L-ascorbic acid, salicylate, ethotrexate, and alpha- ketoglutarate
Gene Name:
SLC22A7
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y694
Molecular weight:
60025.0
References
  1. Kobayashi Y, Hirokawa N, Ohshiro N, Sekine T, Sasaki T, Tokuyama S, Endou H, Yamamoto T: Differential gene expression of organic anion transporters in male and female rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jan 11;290(1):482-7. [PubMed:11779196 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 74 proteins in total.