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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:19:31 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000098
Secondary Accession Numbers
Metabolite Identification
Common NameD-Xylose
DescriptionXylose or wood sugar is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is found in the embryos of most edible plants. The polysaccharide xylan, which is closely associated with cellulose, consists practically entirely of d-xylose. Corncobs, cottonseed hulls, pecan shells, and straw contain considerable amounts of this sugar. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and/or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. (Wikipedia ). Xylose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of apples and other fruits.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(3R,4S,5R)-Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrolChEBI
D-(+)-XyloseChEBI
D-XylopentoseChEBI
Wood sugarChEBI
Xylo-pfanKegg
D-Xylo-pentoseHMDB
XylomedHMDB
XyloseHMDB
XylosideHMDB
XylopyranoseHMDB
D XyloseHMDB
D-XylopyranoseHMDB
Aldehydo-D-xyloseHMDB
D-XyloseChEBI
Chemical FormulaC5H10O5
Average Molecular Weight150.1299
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight150.05282343
IUPAC Name(3R,4S,5R)-oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Traditional Named-xylose
CAS Registry Number58-86-6
SMILES
O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-2-1-10-5(9)4(8)3(2)7/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5?/m1/s1
InChI KeySRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentoses. These are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentPentoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Source
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point90.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility555 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Lysosome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Erythrocyte
  • Intestine
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Small intestinal malabsorption
  1. Ehrenpreis ED, Salvino M, Craig RM: Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):36-40. [PubMed:11418788 ]
Kidney disease
  1. Ehrenpreis ED, Salvino M, Craig RM: Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):36-40. [PubMed:11418788 ]
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
  1. Ehrenpreis ED, Salvino M, Craig RM: Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):36-40. [PubMed:11418788 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Ehrenpreis ED, Salvino M, Craig RM: Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):36-40. [PubMed:11418788 ]
AIDS
  1. Ehrenpreis ED, Salvino M, Craig RM: Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):36-40. [PubMed:11418788 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Lung Cancer
  1. Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25. [PubMed:18953024 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB005944
KNApSAcK IDC00007290
Chemspider ID119104
KEGG Compound IDC00181
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID34162
Wikipedia LinkXylose
METLIN ID314
PubChem Compound135191
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID53455
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDXYL_D
MarkerDB IDMDB00000051
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceLavarack, B. P.; Griffin, G.; Rodman, D. Optimizing the autohydrolysis of bagasse to extract D-xylose. Proceedings of the Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (1999), 21st 394-400.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
Gene Name:
AKR1B1
Uniprot ID:
P15121
Molecular weight:
35853.125
Reactions
D-Xylitol + NADP → D-Xylose + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
DHDH
Uniprot ID:
Q9UQ10
Molecular weight:
36381.705
Reactions
D-Xylose + NADP → D-Xylono-1,5-lactone + NADPHdetails
D-Xylose + NADP → D-Xylono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Involved in the sodium-dependent cotransport of myo-inositol (MI) with a Na(+):MI stoichiometry of 2:1. Exclusively responsible for apical MI transport and absorption in intestine. Also can transport D-chiro-inositol (DCI) but not L-fructose. Exhibits stereospecific cotransport of both D-glucose and D-xylose. May induce apoptosis through the TNF-alpha, PDCD1 pathway. May play a role in the regulation of MI concentration in serum, involving reabsorption in at least the proximal tubule of the kidney.
Gene Name:
SLC5A11
Uniprot ID:
Q8WWX8
Molecular weight:
69906.495
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Acts as all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase. Can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and is less active on hexoses (in vitro). May be responsible for detoxification of reactive aldehydes in the digested food before the nutrients are passed on to other organs.
Gene Name:
AKR1B10
Uniprot ID:
O60218
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
D-Xylitol + NADP → D-Xylose + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Responsible for the 2-O-phosphorylation of xylose in the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region of proteoglycans thereby regulating the amount of mature GAG chains. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, are synthesized on the so-called common GAG-protein linkage region (GlcUAbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Xylbeta1-O-Ser) of core proteins, which is formed by the stepwise addition of monosaccharide residues by the respective specific glycosyltransferases. Xylose 2-o-phosphorylation may influence the catalytic activity of B3GAT3 (GlcAT-I) which completes the precursor tetrasaccharide of GAG-protein linkage regions on which the repeating disaccharide region is synthesized.
Gene Name:
FAM20B
Uniprot ID:
O75063
Molecular weight:
46432.04
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Xylose → ADP + D-xylose 2-phosphatedetails