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| Record Information |
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| Version | 4.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2020-04-23 20:56:00 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0000561 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | beta-Carotene |
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| Description | beta-Carotene is a carotenoid that is a precursor of vitamin A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (porphyria, erythropoietic) (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia [electronic version]. Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.) (PubChem). Carotene is an orange photosynthetic pigment important for photosynthesis. It is responsible for the orange colour of the carrot and many other fruits and vegetables. It contributes to photosynthesis by transmitting the light energy it absorbs to chlorophyll. Chemically, carotene is a terpene. It is the dimer of retinol (vitamin A) and comes in two primary forms: alpha- and beta-carotene. Other forms of carotene (gamma-, delta-, and epsilon-) also exist. Carotene can be stored in the liver and converted to vitamin A as needed. beta-Carotene is an anti-oxidant and such can be useful for curbing the excess of damaging free radicals in the body. However, the usefulness of beta-carotene as a dietary supplement (i.e. taken as a pill) is still subject to debate. beta-Carotene is fat-soluble, so a small amount of fat is needed to absorb it into the body (Wikipedia). |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 1,1'-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-Tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl]bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene) | ChEBI | | all-trans-beta-Carotene | ChEBI | | beta-Karotin | ChEBI | | all-trans-b-Carotene | Generator | | all-trans-Β-carotene | Generator | | b-Karotin | Generator | | Β-karotin | Generator | | b-Carotene | Generator | | Β-carotene | Generator | | (all-e)-1,1'-(3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaene-1,18-diyl)bis | HMDB | | (all-e)-1,1'-(3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaene-1,18-diyl)bis[2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexene | HMDB | | all-e-b-Carotene | HMDB | | all-epsilon-beta-Carotene | HMDB | | Betacarotene | HMDB | | BetaVit | HMDB | | Carotaben | HMDB | | Carotene base 80S | HMDB | | FOOD Orange 5 | HMDB | | KPMK | HMDB | | Lucaratin | HMDB | | Lucarotin | HMDB | | Lurotin | HMDB | | Provatene | HMDB | | Provatenol | HMDB | | Rovimix b-carotene | HMDB | | Serlabo | HMDB | | Solatene | HMDB | | Hermal brand OF betacarotene | HMDB | | Max-caro | HMDB | | Merck brand OF betacarotene | HMDB | | Roche brand OF betacarotene | HMDB | | BellaCarotin | HMDB | | Betacarotene roche brand | HMDB | | Betacarotene solgar brand | HMDB | | Marlyn brand OF betacarotene | HMDB | | Betacarotene hermal brand | HMDB | | Max caro | HMDB | | Solgar brand OF betacarotene | HMDB | | 3m Brand OF betacarotene | HMDB | | Betacarotene 3m brand | HMDB | | Betacarotene marlyn brand | HMDB | | Betacarotene merck brand | HMDB | | Carotene, beta | HMDB | | MaxCaro | HMDB | | Vetoron | HMDB | | beta Carotene | HMDB | | beta-Carotene | HMDB | | b Carotene | Generator | | Β carotene | Generator |
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| Chemical Formula | C40H56 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 536.888 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 536.438201803 |
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| IUPAC Name | 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene |
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| Traditional Name | β-carotene |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7235-40-7 |
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| SMILES | C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C40H56/c1-31(19-13-21-33(3)25-27-37-35(5)23-15-29-39(37,7)8)17-11-12-18-32(2)20-14-22-34(4)26-28-38-36(6)24-16-30-40(38,9)10/h11-14,17-22,25-28H,15-16,23-24,29-30H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,19-13+,20-14+,27-25+,28-26+,31-17+,32-18+,33-21+,34-22+ |
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| InChI Key | OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Tetraterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Carotenes |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Carotene
- Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Cycloalkene
- Cyclic olefin
- Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Olefin
- Hydrocarbon
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
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| Process | Naturally occurring process: |
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| Role | Industrial application: Biological role: |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 183 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 0.6 mg/mL | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00di-3211290000-f968c686d39ae0f0fc50 | Spectrum | | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-0016-2794670000-c5bc2a4dbcd0f12cbf7f | Spectrum | | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-0002-2687970000-782d048d873c21fc6b82 | Spectrum | | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-05ai-1009510000-585581456b10671692bd | Spectrum | | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - FAB-EBEB (JMS-HX/HX 110A, JEOL) , Positive | splash10-05mx-2920010000-471219f3e66bafb29bee | Spectrum | | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive | splash10-0006-0144900000-2fa7b609c7300ff8aba3 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-000i-0434190000-0f2f0f2c4af76e6c3322 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-000b-0679100000-6f4450c8ade1963f9201 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-000j-1789100000-6f2a7024e42303e7737a | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-000i-0000090000-cdea7c2d939f0c68b905 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-000i-0000090000-530c81799c9daabdc9bf | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-014i-0968170000-ec71ee19e546088e3b05 | Spectrum | | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-05mx-9810010000-9a261fb8602890c2481e | Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum | Not Available | Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- Membrane (predicted from logP)
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | - Adipose Tissue
- Adrenal Gland
- Epidermis
- Erythrocyte
- Fibroblasts
- Intestine
- Liver
- Placenta
- Platelet
- Prostate
- Spleen
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.133 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.936 +/- 0.0300 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.420 +/- 0.330 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.450 +/- 0.250 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.460 +/- 0.220 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.480 +/- 0.250 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.304 +/- 0.340 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.400 +/- 0.210 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.510 +/- 0.340 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.196 +/- 0.230 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.330 +/- 0.230 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.510 +/- 0.380 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.520 +/- 0.480 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.82 +/- 0.58 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.393 +/- 0.530 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.59 +/- 0.53 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.653 +/- 0.355 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.75 +/- 0.64 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.391 +/- 0.215 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.685 +/- 0.404 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.440 +/- 0.251 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.560 +/- 0.440 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.410 +/- 0.340 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.460 +/- 0.304 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.580 +/- 0.480 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.640 +/- 0.440 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.26 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.21 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 340 +/- 190 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.421 +/- 0.253 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.260 +/- 0.120 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.230 +/- 0.120 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.213 +/- 0.190 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.31 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.33 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.19 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.748 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.391 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.4 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.844 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.943 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.071 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.56 (0.23-3.92) uM | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.414 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.501 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.528 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.83 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.84 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.85 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.89 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.198 +/- 0.150 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.292 +/- 0.218 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.370 +/- 0.290 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.400 +/- 0.340 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.410 +/- 0.270 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.420 +/- 0.340 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.430 +/- 0.360 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.440 +/- 0.471 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.450 +/- 0.290 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.451 +/- 0.292 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.490 +/- 0.380 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.530 +/- 0.350 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.540 +/- 0.340 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.620 +/- 0.590 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.728 +/- 0.358 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.164 +/- 0.120 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.333 uM | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.374 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.44 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.536 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.54 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.71 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.72 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.302 +/- 0.184 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.373 +/- 0.319 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.397 +/- 0.384 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.406 +/- 0.345 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.471 +/- 0.309 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.542 +/- 0.270 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.580 +/- 0.370 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.581 +/- 0.311 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.600 +/- 0.500 uM | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.821 +/- 0.725 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 574.980 +/- 375.125 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1061.674 +/- 689.157 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.307 uM | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.33 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.36 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.434 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.48 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.62 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.209 +/- 0.184 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.240 +/- 0.152 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.244 +/- 0.207 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.251 +/- 0.212 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.257 +/- 0.235 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.283 +/- 0.143 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.357 +/- 0.285 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.449 +/- 0.230 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.460 +/- 0.290 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.470 +/- 0.330 uM | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.484 +/- 0.407 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 350 +/- 150 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 459.500 +/- 290.191 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 580 +/- 300 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 596.0275 +/- 447.0206 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.590 +/- 0.440 uM | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.03-2.70 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.42 (0.19-0.72) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.18 +/- 0.06 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.01 +/- 0.08 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.0 (0.32 - 1.83) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.23 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.28 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Breast Milk | Detected but not Quantified | | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.201 +/- 0.180 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Obese | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.249 +/- 0.250 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Overweight | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 277000 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal, breast, or neuroendocrine cancer | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.390 +/- 0.260 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Type I diabetes | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.200 +/- 0.130 uM | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Obese | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.330 +/- 0.190 uM | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Overweight | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.30 (0.15-0.45) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Endometrial cancer | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Endometrial cancer |
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- Jeong NH, Song ES, Lee JM, Lee KB, Kim MK, Yun YM, Lee JK, Son SK, Lee JP, Kim JH, Hur SY, Kwon YI: Preoperative levels of plasma micronutrients are related to endometrial cancer risk. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(4):434-9. doi: 10.1080/00016340902767187. [PubMed:19235557 ]
| | Obesity |
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- Vioque J, Weinbrenner T, Asensio L, Castello A, Young IS, Fletcher A: Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin C are better correlated with dietary intake in normal weight than overweight and obese elderly subjects. Br J Nutr. 2007 May;97(5):977-86. [PubMed:17408529 ]
- Burrows TL, Warren JM, Colyvas K, Garg ML, Collins CE: Validation of overweight children's fruit and vegetable intake using plasma carotenoids. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Jan;17(1):162-8. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.495. Epub 2008 Nov 6. [PubMed:18997681 ]
| | Diabetes mellitus type 1 |
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- Granado-Lorencio F, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Blanco-Navarro I, Botella-Romero F, Simal-Anton A: Assessment of carotenoid status and the relation to glycaemic control in type I diabetics: a follow-up study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;60(8):1000-8. Epub 2006 Feb 1. [PubMed:16452910 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | DB06755 |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB014613 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00000919 |
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| Chemspider ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C02094 |
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| BioCyc ID | CPD1F-129 |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Beta_Carotene |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 5280489 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 17579 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | CARO |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Rushin WG, Catignani GL, Schwartz SJ: Determination of beta-carotene and its cis isomers in serum. Clin Chem. 1990 Nov;36(11):1986-9. [PubMed:2242585 ]
- Vahlquist A, Lee JB, Michaelsson G, Rollman O: Vitamin A in human skin: II Concentrations of carotene, retinol and dehydroretinol in various components of normal skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1982 Aug;79(2):94-7. [PubMed:7097042 ]
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