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enzymes (10) Show 10 proteins

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected but not Quantified

Creation Date

2006-08-12 21:14:26 UTC

Update Date

2021-09-14 15:44:42 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0003449

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB03449

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

beta-D-Galactose

Description

Galactose is an optical isomer of glucose. An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl-transferase deficiency disease) causes an error in galactose metabolism called galactosemia, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood. Galactose (Gal) (also called brain sugar) is a type of sugar found in dairy products, in sugar beets and other gums and mucilages. It is also synthesized by the body, where it forms part of glycolipids and glycoproteins in several tissues. It is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has food energy. Galactose is less sweet than glucose and not very water-soluble. Galactose is a monosaccharide constituent, together with glucose, of the disaccharide lactose. The hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose is catalyzed by the enzyme beta-galactosidase, a lactase. In the human body, glucose is changed into galactose in order to enable the mammary glands to secrete lactose. Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose. It is found in hemicellulose and can be converted to galactose by hydrolysis.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI


  Mrv1652309042000292D          

 17 17  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
    2.1434    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8579    0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    1.6500    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    1.6500    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -0.8250    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  1  0  0  0
  3  2  1  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  4  1  0  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  1  1  0  0  0  0
  3  8  1  1  0  0  0
  4  9  1  6  0  0  0
  5 10  1  6  0  0  0
  6 11  1  1  0  0  0
 12  2  1  0  0  0  0
 12  6  1  0  0  0  0
  2 13  1  6  0  0  0
  3 14  1  6  0  0  0
  4 15  1  6  0  0  0
  5 16  1  1  0  0  0
  6 17  1  6  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0003449

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
[H][C@@]1(O)O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H12O6

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
180.1559

> <EXACT_MASS>
180.063388116

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
6

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
24

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
16.332540437406198

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.57

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-2.932539218

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.64

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
12.687538461190869

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
11.298101552080594

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.9810792051782764

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
110.38000000000001

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
35.923399999999994

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.82e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
β D-galactose

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       4.001   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       2.667   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       0.000   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0       5.335   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       1.334   3.850   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0      -1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0      -1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0       1.334  -2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0       2.667   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   13  H   UNK     0       2.667   3.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   14  H   UNK     0       0.000   3.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   15  H   UNK     0       1.334   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   16  H   UNK     0      -1.334   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   17  H   UNK     0       0.000  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
CONECT    1    2    7                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3   12   13                                             
CONECT    3    2    4    8   14                                             
CONECT    4    3    5    9   15                                             
CONECT    5    4    6   10   16                                             
CONECT    6    5   11   12   17                                             
CONECT    7    1                                                            
CONECT    8    3                                                            
CONECT    9    4                                                            
CONECT   10    5                                                            
CONECT   11    6                                                            
CONECT   12    2    6                                                       
CONECT   13    2                                                            
CONECT   14    3                                                            
CONECT   15    4                                                            
CONECT   16    5                                                            
CONECT   17    6                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   17    0   34    0
END

View in JSmol View NMR Assignments View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
beta-D-Gal	ChEBI
Gal-beta	ChEBI
b-D-Gal	Generator
β-D-Gal	Generator
b-D-Galactose	Generator
β-D-Galactose	Generator
Gal-b	Generator
Gal-β	Generator
b-Galactose	HMDB
beta D-Galactose	HMDB
beta-D-Galactopyranose	HMDB
beta-D-Galactoside	HMDB
beta-Galactose	HMDB
D-Galactose	HMDB
β-D-Galactopyranose	HMDB
beta-D-Galactose	HMDB
β-Galactose	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

Average Molecular Weight

180.1559

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

180.063388116

IUPAC Name

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

Traditional Name

β D-galactose

CAS Registry Number

7296-64-2

SMILES

OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1

InChI Key

WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Hexoses

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hexose monosaccharide
Oxane
Secondary alcohol
Hemiacetal
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

D-galactopyranose (CHEBI:27667 )

Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Not Available

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	782 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.6	ALOGPS
logP	-2.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.64	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.3	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	110.38 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.92 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.33 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DarkChem	[M+H]+	139.274	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	133.45	31661259
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	141.282	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	138.887	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	173.373	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	147.701	30932474
AllCCS	[M+H]+	141.0	32859911
AllCCS	[M+H-H2O]+	136.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M+NH4]+	145.0	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na]+	146.2	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	131.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na-2H]-	132.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M+HCOO]-	134.0	32859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
beta-D-Galactose	OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	3448.8	Standard polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose	OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1916.4	Standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose	OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1649.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / Structure	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
beta-D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1738.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1673.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O	1683.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O	1688.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1678.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1722.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #10	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1681.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1737.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1742.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1712.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1701.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #6	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1703.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #7	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1679.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #8	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1692.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #9	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O	1697.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1703.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #10	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]1CO	1736.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1753.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1717.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1748.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1766.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #6	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1701.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #7	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1739.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #8	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1733.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #9	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1725.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1815.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1815.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1820.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1819.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO	1800.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,5TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1877.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2002.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1940.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O	1940.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O	1947.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1943.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2208.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #10	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2181.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2210.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2219.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2197.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	2193.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #6	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2195.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #7	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2180.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #8	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2192.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #9	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O	2190.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2441.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #10	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]1CO	2455.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2449.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2445.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2466.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2468.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #6	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2439.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #7	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2451.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #8	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2451.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #9	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2454.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2671.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2668.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2664.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2681.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO	2669.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
beta-D-Galactose,5TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2890.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0np0-9700000000-e8d638dc817e46b97d7b	2016-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose GC-MS (5 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-004i-6122690000-eaf6f7adf34ccd0c667b	2017-10-06	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)	splash10-0019-3900000000-3b00dcca100b6e3bb228	2012-07-25	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)	splash10-0002-9000000000-867bfd833e01f3033747	2012-07-25	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)	splash10-066r-9000000000-65a7d765a9429db38b1f	2012-07-25	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOF	splash10-0ab9-9000000000-524ca56240af3dffbacb	2020-07-21	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 10V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-01q9-0900000000-b0bc47623e7b2ca31c02	2016-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 20V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-03ea-3900000000-648e1637af29cf2a3518	2016-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 40V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-0007-9200000000-9e6f46a1cbf52d6e347a	2016-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 10V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-004i-2900000000-a4ec4f0b1e29e360a952	2016-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 20V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-01t9-6900000000-7b3ea9c64ecc8d4ac867	2016-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 40V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-052f-9100000000-ec2bf4918640a0a36398	2016-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 10V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-004i-2900000000-2448926b508622464fe7	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 20V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-056r-8900000000-4c073cb93b78120113e6	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 40V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-0a4l-9000000000-ece70093ab5d3c331ac4	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 10V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-01qa-0900000000-04ceb34d441ff6a75763	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 20V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-03dl-9400000000-a8f1ceab155611f949c1	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - beta-D-Galactose 40V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-01ow-9000000000-358f68fc2b7a72c27546	2021-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-24	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Lysosome

Biospecimen Locations

Feces

Tissue Locations

Bladder
Brain
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Ovary
Placenta
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis

Pathways

Not Available

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	22411374	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

None

Associated OMIM IDs

None

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB021788

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

6933

PubChem Compound

439353

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

27667

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

MarkerDB ID

Not Available

Good Scents ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Wolfrom, M. L.; Thompson, A.; Inatome, M. Acyl migration in the D-galactose structure. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1957), 79 3868-71.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Sweatman BC, Farrant RD, Holmes E, Ghauri FY, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC: 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy of human cerebrospinal fluid: effects of sample manipulation and assignment of resonances. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1993 Aug;11(8):651-64. [PubMed:8257730 ]
Ning C, Reynolds R, Chen J, Yager C, Berry GT, McNamara PD, Leslie N, Segal S: Galactose metabolism by the mouse with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):211-7. [PubMed:10926297 ]
Rapoport EM, Nekrasov MV, Khaidukov SV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Zhigis LS, Kozlov LV, Batalova TN, Zubov VP, Bovin NV: Cellular localization of the galactose-binding lectin from human serum. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Nov;65(11):1316-20. [PubMed:11112850 ]
Seiler CA, Renner EL, Czerniak A, Didonna D, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Early acute cellular rejection: no effect on late hepatic allograft function in man. Transpl Int. 1999;12(3):195-201. [PubMed:10429957 ]
van den Nieuwenhof IM, Renardel de Lavalette C, Diaz N, van Die I, van den Berg TK: Differential galactosylation of neuronal and haematopoietic signal regulatory protein-alpha determines its cellular binding-specificity. J Cell Sci. 2001 Apr;114(Pt 7):1321-9. [PubMed:11256998 ]
Ono H, Mawatari H, Mizoguchi N, Eguchi T, Sakura N, Hamakawa M: Transient galactosemia detected by neonatal mass screening. Pediatr Int. 1999 Jun;41(3):281-4. [PubMed:10365579 ]
Niebroj-Dobosz I, Janik P, Jamrozik Z, Kwiecinski H: Immunochemical quantification of glycoconjugates in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol. 1999 May;6(3):335-40. [PubMed:10210915 ]
Schmidt LE, Ott P, Tygstrup N: Galactose elimination capacity as a prognostic marker in patients with severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: 10 years' experience. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 May;2(5):418-24. [PubMed:15118981 ]
Mizoguchi N, Ono H, Eguchi T, Sakura N: Galactose metabolites in blood from neonates with and without hypergalactosaemia detected by mass screening. Eur J Pediatr. 2000 Nov;159(11):851-3. [PubMed:11079200 ]
Nakagawa F, Schulte BA, Spicer SS: Lectin cytochemical evaluation of somatosensory neurons and their peripheral and central processes in rat and man. Cell Tissue Res. 1986;245(3):579-89. [PubMed:3757018 ]
Hanisch FG, Heimbuchel G, Baldus SE, Uhlenbruck G, Schmits R, Pfreundschuh M, Schwonzen M, Vierbuchen M, Bara J, Peter-Katalinic J: Monoclonal antibody FW6 defines an epitope on alpha 3/4-monofucosylated polylactosaminoglycans expressed by fetal and colon carcinoma-associated mucins. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 15;53(18):4367-75. [PubMed:8364932 ]
Muthusamy A, Erickson DR, Sheykhnazari M, Bhavanandan VP: Enhanced binding of modified pentosan polysulfate and heparin to bladder--a strategy for improved treatment of interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2006 Jan;67(1):209-13. [PubMed:16413377 ]
Furuhashi M, Suzuki S, Tomoda Y, Suganuma N: Role of the Pro-Leu-Arg motif in glycosylation of human gonadotropin alpha-subunit. Endocrinology. 1995 May;136(5):2270-5. [PubMed:7536667 ]
Goluboff ET, Mertz JR, Tres LL, Kierszenbaum AL: Galactosyl receptor in human testis and sperm is antigenically related to the minor C-type (Ca(2+)-dependent) lectin variant of human and rat liver. Mol Reprod Dev. 1995 Apr;40(4):460-6. [PubMed:7598912 ]
Kalichman MW, Powell HC, Mizisin AP: Reactive, degenerative, and proliferative Schwann cell responses in experimental galactose and human diabetic neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol. 1998 Jan;95(1):47-56. [PubMed:9452821 ]
Stanley A, Osler T: Senescence and the healing rates of venous ulcers. J Vasc Surg. 2001 Jun;33(6):1206-11. [PubMed:11389419 ]
Wan H, Perez DR: Quail carry sialic acid receptors compatible with binding of avian and human influenza viruses. Virology. 2006 Mar 15;346(2):278-86. Epub 2005 Dec 2. [PubMed:16325879 ]
Puch S, Bhavanandan VP: Endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins of rabbit and human bladder. Urology. 1999 Apr;53(4):848-52. [PubMed:10197873 ]
Bhavanandan VP, Puch S, Guo X, Jiang W: Galectins and other endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins of animal bladder. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;491:95-108. [PubMed:14533792 ]
Chen YT, Mattison DR, Bercu BB, Schulman JD: Resistance of the male gonad to a high galactose diet. Pediatr Res. 1984 Apr;18(4):345-8. [PubMed:6718090 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Aldose reductase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
Gene Name:: AKR1B1
Uniprot ID:: P15121
Molecular weight:: 35853.125

Reactions

beta-D-Galactose + NADH + Hydrogen Ion → Galactitol + NAD	details
beta-D-Galactose + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → Galactitol + NADP	details

Enzyme Details

2. Galactocerebrosidase

General function:: Involved in galactosylceramidase activity
Specific function:: Hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Enzyme with very low activity responsible for the lysosomal catabolism of galactosylceramide, a major lipid in myelin, kidney and epithelial cells of small intestine and colon.
Gene Name:: GALC
Uniprot ID:: P54803
Molecular weight:: 77062.86

Reactions

D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + Water → beta-D-Galactose + N-acylsphingosine	details
Galactosylceramide + Water → beta-D-Galactose + N-Acylsphingosine	details

Enzyme Details

3. Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:: LPH splits lactose in the small intestine.
Gene Name:: LCT
Uniprot ID:: P09848
Molecular weight:: 218584.77

Reactions

beta-Lactose + Water → beta-D-Galactose + D-Glucose	details
beta-Lactose + Water → alpha-D-Glucose + beta-D-Galactose	details
Lactose + Water → D-Glucose + beta-D-Galactose	details

Enzyme Details

4. Alpha-galactosidase A

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: GLA
Uniprot ID:: P06280
Molecular weight:: Not Available

Reactions

Melibiose + Water → beta-D-Galactose + D-Glucose	details
Raffinose + Water → beta-D-Galactose + Sucrose	details
Galactosylglycerol + Water → beta-D-Galactose + Glycerol	details
Galactinol + Water → myo-Inositol + beta-D-Galactose	details
Epimelibiose + Water → D-Mannose + beta-D-Galactose	details
Melibiitol + Water → Sorbitol + beta-D-Galactose	details
Stachyose + Water → Raffinose + beta-D-Galactose	details
Digalactosylceramide + Water → Galactosylceramide + beta-D-Galactose	details
Digalactosyl-diacylglycerol + Water → 1,2-Diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + beta-D-Galactose	details
D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Glucose + Water → beta-D-Galactose + Melibiose	details
Water + Globotriaosylceramide → beta-D-Galactose + Lactosylceramide	details
Melibiose + Water → beta-D-Galactose + D-Glucose	details

Enzyme Details

5. Beta-galactosidase

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:: Cleaves beta-linked terminal galactosyl residues from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans. Isoform 2 has no beta-galactosidase catalytic activity, but plays functional roles in the formation of extracellular elastic fibers (elastogenesis) and in the development of connective tissue. Seems to be identical to the elastin-binding protein (EBP), a major component of the non-integrin cell surface receptor expressed on fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, chondroblasts, leukocytes, and certain cancer cell types. In elastin producing cells, associates with tropoelastin intracellularly and functions as a recycling molecular chaperone which facilitates the secretions of tropoelastin and its assembly into elastic fibers.
Gene Name:: GLB1
Uniprot ID:: P16278
Molecular weight:: Not Available

Reactions

beta-Lactose + Water → alpha-D-Glucose + beta-D-Galactose	details
beta-D-Galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + Water → beta-D-Glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + beta-D-Galactose	details
D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide + Water → N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide + beta-D-Galactose	details
GM1 + Water → GM2 + beta-D-Galactose	details
+ Water → + beta-D-Galactose	details

Enzyme Details

6. N-acetylgalactosamine kinase

General function:: Involved in galactokinase activity
Specific function:: Acts on GalNAc. Also acts as a galactokinase when galactose is present at high concentrations. May be involved in a salvage pathway for the reutilization of free GalNAc derived from the degradation of complex carbohydrates.
Gene Name:: GALK2
Uniprot ID:: Q01415
Molecular weight:: 49234.57

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + beta-D-Galactose → ADP + Galactose 1-phosphate	details

Enzyme Details

7. Galactokinase

General function:: Involved in galactokinase activity
Specific function:: Major enzyme for galactose metabolism.
Gene Name:: GALK1
Uniprot ID:: P51570
Molecular weight:: 42271.805

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + beta-D-Galactose → ADP + Galactose 1-phosphate	details

Enzyme Details

8. Beta-galactosidase

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:: Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D- galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides
Gene Name:: Not Available
Uniprot ID:: Q53H18
Molecular weight:: 76109.2

Enzyme Details

9. Beta-galactosidase

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:: Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D- galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides
Gene Name:: Not Available
Uniprot ID:: Q53G40
Molecular weight:: 76068.2

Enzyme Details

10. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Acts as all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase. Can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and is less active on hexoses (in vitro). May be responsible for detoxification of reactive aldehydes in the digested food before the nutrients are passed on to other organs.
Gene Name:: AKR1B10
Uniprot ID:: O60218
Molecular weight:: Not Available

Reactions

beta-D-Galactose + NADH + Hydrogen Ion → Galactitol + NAD	details
beta-D-Galactose + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → Galactitol + NADP	details

Showing metabocard for beta-D-Galactose (HMDB0003449)

MOL for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

3D MOL for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

3D SDF for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

3D-SDF for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

PDB for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

3D PDB for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

SMILES for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

INCHI for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

Structure for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

3D Structure for HMDB0003449 (beta-D-Galactose)

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Derivatized

GC-MS Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

NMR Spectra

Enzymes

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